\u6816\u971e\u5e02\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u80f6\u4e1c\u534a\u5c9b\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\uff0c\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u5c5e\u4e8e\u80f6\u8fbd\u5b98\u8bdd\u533a\u767b\u8fde\u7247\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u672c\u6587\u53d1\u97f3\u4eba\u662f\u81e7\u5bb6\u5e84\u9547\u4eba\uff0c\u81e7\u5bb6\u5e84\u9547\u8ddd\u6816\u971e\u5e02\u533a25\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u8be5\u9547\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u4e0e\u5e02\u533a\u5341\u5206\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u8bcd\u6c47\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u51e0\u65e0\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5f84\u79f0\u81e7\u5bb6\u5e84\u9547\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\u4e3a\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u8868\u793a\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4ecb\u8bcd\u201c\u5728\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u4e2d\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4ecb\u8bcd\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u5219\u6709\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\u7528\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u4e0d\u7528\u201c\u5f85\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u7528\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u4e0d\u7528\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\u867d\u7136\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u610f\u601d\u4e0a\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u5dee\u522b\u57fa\u672c\u7b26\u5408\u65bd\u5176\u751f\u5148\u751f(1996)\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u4f7f\u7136\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5df2\u7136\u201d\u4e4b\u522b\u3002\u65bd\u5148\u751f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u6f6e\u6c55\u65b9\u8a00\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u522b\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\u81f3\u4eca\u672a\u89c1\u7c7b\u4f3c\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6f6e\u6c55\u65b9\u8a00\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u95fd\u5357\u65b9\u8a00\u4e5f\u672a\u89c1\u6709\u6b64\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u2018\u5728\u2019\u5206\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u53ea\u662f\u6f6e\u6c55\u65b9\u8a00\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u522b\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\u4e5f\u6709\u6b64\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff1f\u5f88\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u800c\u2018\u629b\u7816\u5f15\u7389\u2019\u201d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fdc\u79bb\u6f6e\u6c55\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5c71\u4e1c\u6816\u971e\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u9887\u8010\u4eba\u5bfb\u5473\uff0c\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u4f7f\u7136\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u65bd\u5176\u751f\u5148\u751f(1984)\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u65bd\u5148\u751f\u8d77\u521d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5df2\u7136\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u4e0d\u751a\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u5728\u5411\u5b66\u751f\u8bb2\u6388\u65f6\u6539\u79f0\u201c\u975e\u4f7f\u7136\u201d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5373\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u4f7f\u7136\u201d\u548c\u201c\u975e\u4f7f\u7136\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u672c\u6587\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e2d\u51e1\u4ecb\u8bcd\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u97f3\u53d8\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e00\u5f8b\u4e0b\u52a0\u5355\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6cd5\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u58f9 \u8ddf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\u53ef\u4f5c\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ecb\u8bcd\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u4ecb\u8bcd\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u5206\u79f0\u201c\u8ddf\u2081\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8ddf\u2082\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8ddf\u2083\u201d\u3002\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\u97f3[k\u0259n\u02e5\u02e7]\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u8ddf\u2082\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8ddf\u2083\u201d\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u513f\u5316\u4e3a[k\u0259\u02e5\u02e7](\u4e0b\u9762\u5199\u4f5c\u201c\u8ddf\u513f\/\u8ddf”)\uff0c\u7528\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u5219\u4e00\u822c\u5f31\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u513f\u5c3e\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u52a8\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u513f\u5316\u97f5\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u697c\u76d6\u513f[ka\u02b3\u02e6]\u9053\u8fb9\uff08\u697c\u76d6\u5728\u8def\u8fb9\uff09\u201d\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u201c\u8ddf\u2081\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8ddf\u2082\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u8c08\u201c\u8ddf\u2083\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.1 \u201c\u8ddf\u2081\u201d\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u7684\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\u7528\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u4ecb\u8bcd\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5(\u5415\u53d4\u6e58[\u4e3b\u7f16]1999\uff1a230)\uff0c\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3280\u8868\u793a\u5171\u540c\uff0c\u534f\u540c\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u591c\u6765\u4ffa\u8ddf\u4ffa\u5988\u4e00\u5806\u513f\u4e0a\u513f\u8d9f\u6843\u6751\uff08\u6628\u5929\u6211\u8ddf\u6211\u5988\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u4e86\u8d9f\u6843\u6751\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3281\u6307\u793a\u4e0e\u52a8\u4f5c\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u628a\u4f60\u25a1[.li]\u4e8b\u8ddf\u5f20\u8001\u5e08\u53bb\u8bf4\u8bf4\uff08\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u4e8b\u8ddf\u5f20\u8001\u5e08\u53bb\u8bf4\u4e00\u8bf4\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3282\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u738b\u6d77\u957f\u25a1[.li]\u8ddf\u4ed6\u7238\u4e00\u6a21\u513f\u4e00\u6837\uff08\u738b\u6d77\u957f\u5f97\u8ddf\u4ed6\u7238\u7238\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u7684\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\u8fd8\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e8b\u7269\u6709\u65e0\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u8fd9\u8ddf\u6211\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u53e3\u8bed\u5f88\u5c11\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\uff0c\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2d\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u201c\u548c\u201d\uff0c\u8bf4\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.2 \u201c\u8ddf\u2082\u201d\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u7684\u4ecb\u8bcd\u201c\u4ece\u201d\u7528\u6cd5\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u4ecb\u8bcd\u201c\u4ece\u201d\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5(\u5415\u53d4\u6e58[\u4e3b\u7f16]1999\uff1a130-131)\uff0c\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u4ecb\u8bcd\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\u76f8\u5e94\u4e5f\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3280\u8868\u793a\u6765\u6e90\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u8ddf\u513f\/\u8ddf\u4e1c\u95e8\u8d70\u513f\u897f\u95e8\u5f97\u4e8c\u5341\u5206\u949f\uff08\u4ece\u4e1c\u95e8\u8d70\u5230\u897f\u95e8\u5f97\u4e8c\u5341\u5206\u949f\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3281\u8868\u793a\u7ecf\u7531\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u8ddf\u513f\/\u8ddf\u5c0f\u9053\u513f\u8d70\u4e0d\u7528\u4e94\u5206\u949f\uff08\u4ece\u5c0f\u8def\u8d70\u4e0d\u7528\u4e94\u5206\u949f\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3282\u8868\u793a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u8ddf\u513f\/\u8ddf\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7583\u633a\u5927\uff08\u4ece\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6751\u5b50\u633a\u5927\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.3 \u201c\u8ddf\u2083\u201d\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5904\u6240\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3280\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5904\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1)\u201c\u8ddf+Np\u201d\u653e\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u524d\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2460\u4ed6\u6d51\u5bb6\u8ddf\u513f\/\u8ddf\u6cb3\u8fb9\u76d6\u623f\u5b50\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6cb3\u8fb9\u76d6\u623f\u5b50\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2461\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e2a\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u5929\u8ddf\u513f\/\u8ddf\u5b66\u6821\u5356\u9178\u5976\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6bcf\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u5356\u9178\u5976\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2462\u6211\u4eca\u513f\u8ddf\u513f\/\u8ddf\u5bb6\u513f\u770b\u4e00\u5929\u7535\u89c6\uff0c\u54ea\u513f\u90fd\u4e0d\u53bb\uff08\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u770b\u4e00\u5929\u7535\u89c6\uff0c\u54ea\u513f\u90fd\u4e0d\u53bb\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2)\u201c\u8ddf+Np\u201d\u653e\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e(\u201c\u8ddf\u513f\u201d\u5f31\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u513f\u201d)\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2463\u628a\u4e66\u7a33\u513f\u4e66\u67b6\u4e0a\uff08\u628a\u4e66\u653e\u5728\u4e66\u67b6\u4e0a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2464\u628a\u6559\u5b66\u697c\u76d6\u513f\u95e8\u53e3\uff08\u628a\u6559\u5b66\u697c\u76d6\u5728\u95e8\u53e3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2465\u4f60\u8d70\u513f\u9053\u4e0a\u5f97\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff08\u4f60\u8d70\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3281\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u5728\u201d\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4ecb\u8bcd\u7ed3\u6784\u201c\u5728+Np\u201d\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u8ddf+Np\u201d\u53ea\u80fd\u653e\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762(\u201c\u8ddf\u513f\u201d\u5f31\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u513f\u201d)\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2466\u5c0f\u6653\u7389\u7ed3\u5a5a\u25a1[.li]\u65e5\u5b50\u5b9a\u513f\u814a\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u5427\uff08\u5c0f\u6653\u7389\u7ed3\u5a5a\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u5b9a\u5728\u814a\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u5427\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2467\u738b\u82b3\u60f3\u628a\u4e0a\u8f66\u65f6\u95f4\u6539\u513f\u8fc7\u664c\u513f\u4e09\u70b9\u534a\uff08\u738b\u82b3\u60f3\u628a\u4e0a\u8f66\u65f6\u95f4\u6539\u5728\u4e0b\u5348\u4e09\u70b9\u534a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8d30 \u7740\u513f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u662f\u201c\u7740\u201d\u7684\u513f\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u8ba8\u8bba\u5176\u4ecb\u8bcd\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8bed\u97f3\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f[tsuo\u02b3\u02e8\u02e9\u02e7]\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u65f6\u5f31\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u513f\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u52a8\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u513f\u5316\u97f5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.1 \u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5904\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3280\u201c\u7740\u513f+Np\u201d\u653e\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u524d\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2468\u4ed6\u7740\u513f\u9ed1\u677f\u4e0a\u5199\u5b57\u513f\uff08\u4ed6\u5728\u9ed1\u677f\u4e0a\u5199\u5b57\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3281\u201c\u7740\u513f+Np\u201d\u653e\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e(\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u5f31\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u513f\u201d)\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2469\u628a\u5b57\u5199\u513f\u9ed1\u677f\u4e0a\uff08\u628a\u5b57\u5199\u5728\u9ed1\u677f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.2 \u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4(\u201c\u7740\u513f+Np\u201d\u603b\u662f\u653e\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u5f31\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u513f\u201d)\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u246a\u624b\u672f\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u5b89\u6392\u513f\u661f\u671f\u56db\u5427\uff08\u624b\u672f\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u661f\u671f\u56db\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.3 \u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8ddf\u2083\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4e92\u6362\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8001\u4e00\u8f88\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u8ddf\u513f\/\u8ddf\u201d\uff0c\u6781\u5c11\u7528\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u7406\u89e3\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6d4b\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u662f\u6816\u971e\u56fa\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u8ddf\u513f\/\u8ddf\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u540e\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0e\u90bb\u8fd1\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5bb9\u4ee5\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.4 \u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u513f\u201d\u5c3e\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5f88\u591a\u8bed\u6cd5\u610f\u4e49(\u5b8c\u6210\u4f53\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u4f53\u7b49)\u3002\u6309\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u5f31\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u628a\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u8868\u793a\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u513f\u201d\u770b\u6210\u201c\u8ddf\u513f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u7684\u5f31\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u8bf4\u5f97\u901a\u3002\u4f46\u4f9d\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u662f\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u56fa\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u5f31\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u513f\u201d\u4e5f\u5e94\u6bd4\u201c\u8ddf\u513f\u201d\u65e9\u3002\u51e1\u4e0d\u8bf4\u201c\u8ddf\u513f\/\u8ddf\u201d\u3001\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u524d\u8bf4\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u513f\u201d\u5e94\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u7684\u5f31\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0b\u6587\u4e3e\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u8ddf\u513f\/\u8ddf\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7740\u513f\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u6362\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5f8b\u8bb0\u4f5c\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c1 \u5f85<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u5f85\u201d[tai\u02e6]\u53ef\u4f5c\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u7684\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u3002\u4ecb\u8bcd\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5904\u6240\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.1 \u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5904\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3280\u201c\u5f85+Np\u201d\u653e\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u524d\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u246b\u4ed6\u6d51\u5bb6\u5f85\u6cb3\u8fb9\u76d6\u623f\u5b50\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6cb3\u8fb9\u76d6\u623f\u5b50\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u246c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e2a\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u5929\u5f85\u5b66\u6821\u5356\u9178\u5976\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6bcf\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u5356\u9178\u5976\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u246d\u6211\u4eca\u513f\u5f85\u5bb6\u513f\u770b\u513f\u4e00\u5929\u7535\u89c6\uff0c\u90a3\u513f\u90fd\u6ca1\u53bb\uff08\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u5929\u7535\u89c6\uff0c\u90a3\u513f\u90fd\u6ca1\u53bb\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3281\u201c\u5f85+Np\u201d\u653e\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u246e\u628a\u4e66\u7a33\u513f\u5f85\u4e66\u67b6\u4e0a\uff08\u628a\u4e66\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u4e66\u67b6\u4e0a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u246f\u6559\u5b66\u697c\u76d6\u513f\u5f85\u95e8\u53e3\uff08\u6559\u5b66\u697c\u76d6\u5728\u4e86\u95e8\u53e3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2470\u4ed6\u8d70\u513f\u5f85\u9053\u4e0a\uff08\u4ed6\u8d70\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.2 \u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u201c\u5f85+Np”\u548c\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f+Np\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\u65f6\u53ea\u80fd\u653e\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2471\u5c0f\u6653\u7389\u7ed3\u5a5a\u25a1[.li]\u65e5\u5b50\u5b9a\u5f85\u814a\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\uff08\u5c0f\u6653\u7389\u7ed3\u5a5a\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u5b9a\u5728\u814a\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2472\u738b\u82b3\u628a\u4e0a\u8f66\u65f6\u95f4\u6539\u513f\u5f85\u8fc7\u664c\u513f\u4e09\u70b9\u534a\uff08\u738b\u82b3\u628a\u4e0a\u8f66\u65f6\u95f4\u6539\u5728\u4e86\u4e0b\u5348\u4e09\u70b9\u534a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8086 \u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5dee\u5f02<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u5747\u4ecb\u5f15\u5904\u6240\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8bd1\u6210\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u5728\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f8b\u2460\u81f3\u2467\u548c\u4f8b\u246b\u81f3\u2472\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5206\u522b\u63cf\u5199\u5176\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u53e5\u6807a\u7684\u662f\u7528\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u6807b\u7684\u662f\u7528\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7684\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u4f7f\u7136\u201d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u6240\u4f7f\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u5982\u6b64\u201d\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u6709\u201c\u76f4\u8ff0\u5ba2\u89c2\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6307\u51fa\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u4f7f\u7136\u7684\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u4f7f\u7136\u201d\u548c\u201c\u975e\u4f7f\u7136\u201d\u3002\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.1 \u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u8868\u793a\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\u65f6\u7528\u201c\u5f85\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\u7528\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2473a.\u660e\u5929\u5934\u664c\u513f\u738b\u8001\u5e08\u5f00\u4f1a\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u8bfe\u6539\u513f\u5f85\u8fc7\u664c\uff08\u660e\u5929\u4e0a\u5348\u738b\u8001\u5e08\u5f00\u4f1a\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u8bfe\u6539\u5728\u4e0b\u5348\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u660e\u5929\u5934\u664c\u513f\u738b\u8001\u5e08\u5f00\u4f1a\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u8bfe\u6539\u513f\u8fc7\u664c\u5427\uff08\u660e\u5929\u4e0a\u5348\u738b\u8001\u5e08\u5f00\u4f1a\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u8bfe\u6539\u5728\u4e0b\u5348\u5427\uff09\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3251a.\u97e9\u4f1f\u5f85\u5bb6\u513f\u5199\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff08\u97e9\u4f1f\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u5199\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u97e9\u4f1f\uff0c\u4f60\u4eca\u513f\u9ed1\u513f\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u5bb6\u513f\u5199\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff08\u97e9\u4f1f\uff0c\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u5199\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff09\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3252a.\u6211\u4eca\u65e9\u8d77\u628a\u4ed6\u5835\u513f\u5f85\u5bb6\u513f\uff08\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\u628a\u4ed6\u5835\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u6211\u660e\u5929\u65e9\u8d77\u628a\u4ed6\u5835\u513f\u5bb6\u513f\uff08\u6211\u660e\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\u53bb\u628a\u5835\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3253a.\u4ed6\u4fe9\u5f85\u7535\u5f71\u9662\u770b\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u5037[nan\u02e8\u02e9\u02e7]\u4fe9\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u553b\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fe9\u5728\u7535\u5f71\u9662\u770b\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u4fe9\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u6765\u7740\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u4ffa\u4fe9\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u7535\u5f71\u9662\u770b\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u5037\u4fe9\u4e0a\u8857\u53bb\u901b\u8361\u5427\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u4fe9\u5728\u7535\u5f71\u9662\u770b\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u4fe9\u53bb\u901b\u8857\u5427\uff09\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0aa\u53e5\u5bf9\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u7eaf\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0cb\u53e5\u6709\u7684\u662f\u7948\u4f7f\u53e5\uff0c\u5982\u2473b\u3001\u3251b\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u542b\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u5982\u3252b\u3001\u3253b\uff0c\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u662f\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.2 \u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u8868\u793a\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\u7528\u201c\u5f85\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u7406\u3001\u60c5\u52bf\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\u7528\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3254a.\u4ed6\u5f85\u5bb6\u513f\u7761\u89c9\uff0c\u5037\u6d51\u5bb6\u4e0a\u8857\u800d\u5427\uff08\u4ed6\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u7761\u89c9\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0a\u8857\u53bb\u73a9\u5427\uff09\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u5218\u4e3d\u592a\u7d2f\u4e86\uff0c\u5f97\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u5bb6\u513f\u597d\u6027\u513f\u7761\u4e00\u89c9\uff08\u5218\u4e3d\u592a\u7d2f\u4e86\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u597d\u597d\u7761\u4e00\u89c9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3255a.\u4e00\u5e2e\u513f\u5c0f\u5b69\u513f\u5f85\u94c1\u8f68\u4e0a\u8d70\uff08\u4e00\u5e2e\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u94c1\u8f68\u4e0a\u8d70\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u5037\u8fd9\u5e2e\u513f\u5c0f\u5b69\u513f\u7ba1\u4e86\u522b\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u94c1\u8f68\u4e0a\u8d70\uff08\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u5e2e\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u5343\u4e07\u522b\u5728\u94c1\u8f68\u4e0a\u8d70\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3256a.\u8001\u5934\u513f\u75c5\u4e86\uff0c\u5f85\u533b\u9662\u8eba\u513f\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\uff08\u8001\u5934\u513f\u75c5\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u533b\u9662\u91cc\u8eba\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u8001\u5934\u513f\u75c5\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u7528\u4e0d\u7740\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u533b\u9662\u8eba\u25a1[.\u0259]\u4e86\uff08\u8001\u5934\u513f\u75c5\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u7528\u4e0d\u7740\u5728\u533b\u9662\u91cc\u8eba\u7740\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3257a.\u5c0f\u51e4\u513f\u8fd9\u51e0\u5929\u513f\u4f4f\u513f\u5f85\u4ed6\u59e8\u5bb6\uff08\u5c0f\u51e4\u513f\u8fd9\u51e0\u5929\u4f4f\u5728\u4ed6\u59e8\u5bb6\u91cc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u5c0f\u51e4\u513f\u8fd9\u51e0\u5929\u513f\u5f97\u4f4f\u513f\u4ed6\u59e8\u5bb6\uff08\u5c0f\u51e4\u513f\u8fd9\u51e0\u5929\u5f97\u4f4f\u5728\u4ed6\u59e8\u5bb6\u91cc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3258a.\u5f00\u4f1a\u65f6\u95f4\u5b9a\u513f\u5f85\u5934\u664c\u513f\u5341\u70b9\uff08\u5f00\u4f1a\u65f6\u95f4\u5b9a\u5728\u4e0a\u5348\u5341\u70b9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u5f00\u4f1a\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u80fd\u5b9a\u513f\u5934\u664c\u513f\u5341\u70b9\uff08\u5f00\u4f1a\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u80fd\u5b9a\u5728\u4e0a\u5348\u5341\u70b9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684a\u53e5\u90fd\u662f\u6446\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u800cb\u53e5\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u7406\u6216\u60c5\u52bf\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u5f97\u201d\u3001\u201c\u522b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7528\u4e0d\u7740\u201d\u3001\u201c\u53ea\u80fd\u201d\u7b49(\u53c2\u770b5.2\u548c5.3)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.3 \u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u8868\u793a\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\u7528\u201c\u5f85\u201d\uff0c\u82e5\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5904\u6240\/\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u610f\u613f\u6240\u4f7f\u7136\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3259a.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u513f\u600e\u4e48\u8eba\u5f85\u5730\u4e0b\u7761\u89c9\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u513f\u600e\u4e48\u8eba\u513f\u5730\u4e0b\u7761\u89c9\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u513f\u600e\u4e48\u8eba\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u7761\u89c9\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u325aa.\u5c0f\u660e\u591f\u513f\u8c03\u76ae\u4e86\uff0c\u653e\u513f\u5b66\u4ee5\u540e\u5f85\u6559\u5ba4\u8e22\u7403\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u5c0f\u660e\u591f\u513f\u8c03\u76ae\u4e86\uff0c\u653e\u513f\u5b66\u4ee5\u540e\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u6559\u5ba4\u8e22\u7403\uff08\u5c0f\u660e\u592a\u8c03\u76ae\u4e86\uff0c\u653e\u5b66\u4ee5\u540e\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u8e22\u7403\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u325ba.\u5037\u5bb6\u738b\u6653\u8fc7\u664c\u513f\u6ca1\u4e0a\u4e66\u623f\uff0c\u6015\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u6253\u4ed6\uff0c\u5c31\u5f85\u4ffa\u5bb6\u73a9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u5037\u5bb6\u738b\u6653\u8fc7\u664c\u513f\u6ca1\u4e0a\u4e66\u623f\uff0c\u6015\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u6253\u4ed6\uff0c\u5c31\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u4ffa\u5bb6\u73a9\uff08\u4f60\u4eec\u5bb6\u738b\u6653\u4e0b\u5348\u6ca1\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u6015\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u6253\u4ed6\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5bb6\u73a9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u325ca.\u4f60\u7684\u503c\u73ed\u65f6\u95f4\u600e\u4e48\u6392\u513f\u5f85\u5927\u5e74\u521d\u4e00\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u4f60\u7684\u503c\u73ed\u65f6\u95f4\u600e\u4e48\u6392\u513f\u5927\u5e74\u521d\u4e00\uff08\u4f60\u7684\u503c\u73ed\u65f6\u95f4\u600e\u4e48\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u5927\u5e74\u521d\u4e00\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u325da.\u5c0f\u738b\u53eb\u4ed6\u7238\u5750\u5f85\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u5c0f\u738b\u53eb\u4ed6\u7238\u5750\u513f\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\uff08\u5c0f\u738b\u53eb\u4ed6\u7238\u7238\u5750\u5728\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a5\u4f8b\u4e2d\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff0ca\u3001b\u4e24\u53e5\u8bd1\u6210\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u90fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u4e2d\u610f\u601d\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u3259a\u53e5\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u5c0f\u5b69\u513f\u8eba\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u7761\u89c9\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u60c5\u51b5\u63d0\u51fa\u7591\u95ee\uff0cb\u53e5\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u201d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u513f\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u5e72\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u201c\u522b\u5904\u4e0d\u8eba\uff0c\u5374\u504f\u8981\u8eba\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u325a\u325b\u325c\u7684a\u3001b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u548c\u3259\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u325d\u542b\u4f7f\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\u201c\u53eb\u201d\uff0ca\u3001b\u4e24\u53e5\u201c\u5750\u5728\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\u201d\u867d\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u65bd\u52a8\u8005(\u5c0f\u738b)\u6240\u4f7f\u4ee4\u7684\uff0c\u4f46a\u53e5\u7684\u201c\u5728\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4f7f\u4ee4\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5904\u6240\uff0cb\u53e5\u5219\u6709\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c0f\u738b\u8981\u4ed6\u7238\u7238\u5750\u5728\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0d\u8981\u5750\u5728\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u325ea.*\u5c0f\u738b\u53eb\u4ed6\u7238\u5750\u5f85\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\u522b\u52a8\u5f39[\u00b7t’an]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u5c0f\u738b\u53eb\u4ed6\u7238\u5750\u513f\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\u522b\u52a8\u5f39[\u00b7t’an]\uff08\u5c0f\u738b\u53eb\u4ed6\u7238\u7238\u5750\u5728\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\u522b\u52a8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f0d \u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5dee\u5f02<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5.1 \u4e0e\u201c\u4e0d\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6ca1\u201d\u5171\u73b0\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u201c\u5f85+Np”\u524d\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u201c\u6ca1\u201d\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u201c\u4e0d\u201d\u5426\u5b9a\uff1b\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f+Np+Vp”\u524d\u4e00\u822c\u65e2\u53ef\u7528\u201c\u4e0d\u201d\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u201c\u6ca1\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u325fa.*\u4f60\u591c\u6765\u600e\u4e48\u4e0d\u5f85\u5bb6\u513f\u770b\u4e66\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u4f60\u591c\u6765\u600e\u4e48\u4e0d\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u770b\u4e66\uff08\u4f60\u665a\u4e0a\u600e\u4e48\u4e0d\u5728\u5bb6\u770b\u4e66\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a’.\u4f60\u591c\u6765\u600e\u4e48\u6ca1\u5f85\u5bb6\u513f\u770b\u4e66\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b’.\u4f60\u591c\u6765\u600e\u4e48\u6ca1\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u770b\u4e66\uff08\u4f60\u665a\u4e0a\u600e\u4e48\u6ca1\u5728\u5bb6\u770b\u4e66\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u32b1a.*\u51e0\u70b9\u4e86\uff1f\u4f60\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5f85\u5bb6\u513f\u770b\u4e66\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u51e0\u70b9\u4e86\uff1f\u4f60\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u5bb6\u513f\u770b\u4e66\uff08\u51e0\u70b9\u4e86\uff1f\u4f60\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5728\u5bb6\u770b\u4e66\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a’.\u51e0\u70b9\u4e86\uff1f\u4f60\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5f85\u5bb6\u513f\u770b\u4e66\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b’.\u51e0\u70b9\u4e86\uff1f\u4f60\u8fd8\u6ca1\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u5bb6\u513f\u770b\u4e66\uff08\u51e0\u70b9\u4e86\uff1f\u4f60\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5728\u5bb6\u770b\u4e66\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5415\u6dd1\u6e58\u5148\u751f[\u4e3b\u7f16](1999\uff1a383)\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6ca1\u201d\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba2\u89c2\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u201d\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u613f\u3002\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8ddf\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4e0d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6ca1\u201d\u7684\u5171\u73b0\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e94\u4e0e\u5176\u8bed\u4e49\u7279\u70b9\u6709\u5173\u3002\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u5982\u6b64\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u548c\u201c\u6ca1\u201d\u5171\u73b0\u800c\u4e0d\u4e0e\u201c\u4e0d\u201d\u5171\u73b0\uff1b\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u5e26\u201c\u4f7f\u7136\u201d\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5e38\u4e0e\u201c\u4e0d\u201d\u5171\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u4f8b\u53e5\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u7528\u201c\u6ca1\u201d\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u5f85\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u32b1a’\u548cb’\u7684\u201c\u6ca1\u5f85\u5bb6\u770b\u4e66\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6ca1\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u5bb6\u770b\u4e66\u201d\u8bd1\u6210\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u6ca1\u5728\u5bb6\u770b\u4e66\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u4e2d\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u32b1a’\u662f\u7eaf\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u32b1b’\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u4f60\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u201c\u5728\u5bb6\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5374\u662f\u201c\u4f60\u6ca1\u5728\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7279\u522b\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u6765\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u5728\u5bb6\u201d\u672c\u5e94\u662f\u201c\u4f60\u201d\u6240\u4f7f\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u6ca1\u201d\u53c8\u52a0\u4ee5\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u5728\u8bed\u7528\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7136\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u6ca1\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740+NP\u201d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u3002\u32b1b’\u7684\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u5bb6\u513f\u201d\u542b\u6709\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u201c\u4f60\u201d\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0a(\u5e94\u8be5)\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u6ca1\u201d\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u5bb6\u513f\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd8\u987b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5.2 \u201c\u5f85+Np+Vp\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u524d\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u526f\u8bcd\u201c\u522b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f+Np+Vp\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u524d\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u526f\u8bcd\u201c\u522b\u201d\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u32b2a.*\u522b\u5f85\u5899\u4e0a\u5199\u5b57\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u522b\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u5899\u4e0a\u5199\u5b57\uff08\u522b\u5728\u5899\u4e0a\u5199\u5b57\uff09\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u32b3a.*\u522b\u5f85\u5e8a\u4e0a\u62bd\u70df\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u522b\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u5e8a\u4e0a\u62bd\u70df\uff08\u522b\u5728\u5e8a\u4e0a\u62bd\u70df\uff09\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u32b4a.*\u522b\u5f85\u6559\u5ba4\u4e71\u8dd1\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
b.\u522b\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u6559\u5ba4\u4e71\u8dd1\uff08\u522b\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u4e71\u8dd1\uff09\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u522b\u201d\u7528\u4e8e\u7981\u6b62\u3001\u529d\u963b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5.3 \u201c\u5f85+Np+Vp\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u524d\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\uff1b\u800c\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f+Np+Vp\u201d\u524d\u53ef\u7528\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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5.4 \u6731\u5fb7\u7199(1982\uff1a211)\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u5427\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5427\u2081\u201d\u8868\u793a\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u201c\u5427\u2082\u201d\u8868\u793a\u7948\u4f7f\u3002\u6816\u971e\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u5427\u201d\u4e5f\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u5427\u2081\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5427\u2082\u201d\uff0c\u542b\u201c\u5f85\u201d\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u53e5\u672b\u7684\u201c\u5427\u201d\u662f\u8868\u793a\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u201c\u5427\u2081\u201d\uff0c\u542b\u201c\u8ddf\/\u7740\u513f\u201d\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u53e5\u672b\u7684\u201c\u5427\u201d\u662f\u8868\u793a\u7948\u4f7f\u7684\u201c\u5427\u2082\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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