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\u246d\u7b87\u6c34\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u53ea\u559c\u6b22\u6843\u5b50\uff08\u6c34\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u53ea\u559c\u6b22\u6843\u5b50\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f8b\u53e5\u246b\u548c\u246c\u91cc\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u5206\u522b\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u540d\u8bcd\u201c\u660e\u65e5\u201d\u548c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u201c\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5904\u6240\u6210\u5206\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002\u5728\u246d\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7528\u5728\u8868\u793a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u201c\u6c34\u679c\u201d\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u201c\u7b87\u6c34\u679c\u201d\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u201c\u8c08\u5230\u6c34\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u6c34\u679c\u201d\u3002\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\u524d\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u7701\u7565\u201c\u7b87\u201d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u5f88\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 \u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7528\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u6216\u5c0f\u53e5\u8bdd\u9898\u4e4b\u524d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u246e\u7b87\u5f00\u8f66\uff0c\u6211\u786c\u5b66\u4e0d\u4f1a\uff08\u5f00\u8f66\uff0c\u6211\u603b\u5b66\u4e0d\u4f1a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u246f\u7b87\u9493\u9c7c\u561b\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6700\u559c\u6b22\uff08\u9493\u9c7c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u246e-\u246f\u91cc\uff0c\u77ed\u8bed\u201c\u5f00\u8f66\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u9493\u9c7c\u201d\u7528\u5728\u53e5\u9996\uff0c\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u5177\u4f53\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5176\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e0a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u201c\u501a\uff08\u8fd9\uff09\u4ef6\u4e8b\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u4f8b\u246e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6210\u201c\u7b87\u5f00\u8f66\u501a\uff08\u8fd9\uff09\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u786c\u5b66\u4e0d\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7528\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8d77\u5f15\u5165\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u9898\u524d\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002\u5220\u9664\u201c\u7b87\u201d\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3001\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u6216\u539f\u56e0\u7b49\u5c0f\u53e5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u53e5\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u6216\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2470\u7b87\u6bd4\u8d77\u5218\u6d77\u780d\u6a35\u6765\u5427\uff0c\u501a\u672c\u620f\u597d\u770b\u591a\u4e86\uff08\u4e0e\u5218\u6d77\u780d\u6a35\u76f8\u6bd4\u554a\uff0c\u8fd9\u66f2\u620f\u597d\u770b\u591a\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2471\u7b87\u660e\u5929\u8981\u662f\u4e0b\u96e8\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u53bb\uff08\u5982\u679c\u660e\u5929\u4e0b\u96e8\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u53bb\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2472\u7b87\u4ed6\u7236\u6bcd\u662f\u4e0d\u6653\u5f97\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8981\u6253\u4ed6\u4e2a\u6b7b\uff08\u5e78\u4e8f\u4ed6\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8981\u6253\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u6b7b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f8b\u53e5\u2470\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u5c0f\u53e5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u6bd4\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f8b\u53e5\u2471\u91cc\u7684\u5206\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u5047\u8bbe\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u53e5\u8bc4\u8ff0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5206\u53e5\u5c31\u662f\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\uff0c\u800c\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u8bdd\u9898\u6027\uff08\u5218\u4e39\u97522016\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u53e5\u2472\u91cc\u5c0f\u53e5\u201c\u4ed6\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0d\u6653\u5f97\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u524d\u9762\u5f80\u5f80\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7b87\u201d\uff0c\u8d77\u5f3a\u8c03\u6216\u7a81\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u5c0f\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u505a\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u5e26\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u5982\u201c\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e48\uff0c\u4e5f\u884c\u201d\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u4e48\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\uff08\u5218\u4e39\u97522016\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6c68\u7f57\u65b9\u8a00\u5c0f\u53e5\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5c0f\u53e5\u524d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2473\u7b87\u5f20\u4e09\u4e0d\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5187\u4eba\u4e0d\u6653\u5f97\uff08\u5f20\u4e09\u4e0d\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3251\u7b87\u4ed6\u901a\u5bb5\u6253\u9ebb\u5c06\uff0c\u662f\u5e38\u4e8b\uff08\u4ed6\u901a\u5bb5\u73a9\u6253\u9ebb\u5c06\uff0c\u662f\u5e38\u4e8b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u2473\u548c\u3251\u91cc\uff0c\u5c0f\u53e5\u201c\u5f20\u4e09\u4e0d\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ed6\u901a\u5bb5\u6253\u9ebb\u5c06\u201d\u5206\u522b\u5145\u5f53\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7528\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u53e5\u8bdd\u9898\u524d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u7b87\u201d\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u4e14\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.4 \u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7528\u5728\u62f7\u8d1d\u5f0f\u8bdd\u9898\u4e4b\u524d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62f7\u8d1d\u5f0f\u8bdd\u9898\u4e5f\u53eb\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u8bdd\u9898\u548c\u8ff0\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u6216\u5bbe\u8bed\u751a\u81f3\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u5f62\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u540c\u5f62\uff08\u5f90\u70c8\u70af\u3001\u5218\u4e39\u97521998\uff09\u3002\u6c68\u7f57\u65b9\u8a00\u91cc\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u62f7\u8d1d\u5f0f\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u8bdd\u9898\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u8c13\u8bcd\u6027\u6210\u5206\u3002\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7528\u5728\u62f7\u8d1d\u5f0f\u8bdd\u9898\u524d\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u8c03\u548c\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u8bdd\u9898\u548c\u8ff0\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u505c\u987f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3252\u7b87\u6d17\u662f\u6d17\u5f97\uff0c\u53ea\u6015\u5187\u6d17\u7d22\u5229\uff08\u6d17\u662f\u6d17\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u6015\u6ca1\u6d17\u5e72\u51c0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3253\u7b87\u770b\u662f\u597d\u770b\uff0c\u5c31\u6015\u4e0d\u7ecf\u7a7f\uff08\u770b\u662f\u597d\u770b\uff0c\u53ea\u6015\u4e0d\u8010\u7a7f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3254\u7b87\u70ed\u592b\u662f\u70ed\u592b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u5187\u5230\u7a7f\u5355\u8863\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff08\uff08\u5929\u6c14\uff09\u6696\u548c\u662f\u6696\u548c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230\u7a7f\u886c\u8863\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3252-\u3253\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u6d17\u662f\u6d17\u5f97\u201d\u548c\u201c\u770b\u662f\u597d\u770b\u201d\u4e3a\u62f7\u8d1d\u5f0f\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7528\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u9898\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002\u800c\u3254\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7528\u5728\u62f7\u8d1d\u5f0f\u8bdd\u9898\u201c\u70ed\u592b\u662f\u70ed\u592b\u201d\u524d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bdd\u9898\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u540e\u9762\u8ff0\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0a\u6587\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u8bdd\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u4f53\u8bcd\u6027\u8bdd\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u8c13\u8bcd\u6027\u6216\u5c0f\u53e5\u8bdd\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8d77\u5f3a\u8c03\u548c\u7a81\u51fa\u7b49\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u201c\u7b87\u201d\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u53e5\u5b50\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u9664\u5f15\u5165\u8bdd\u9898\u5916\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6307\u4e2d\u548c\u5b9a\u6307\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d30 \u201c\u7b87\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6307\u4e2d\u548c\u5b9a\u6307<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c68\u7f57\u65b9\u8a00\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u6307\u8fd1\u8bcd\uff3bi\u02e7\uff3d\uff0c\u6307\u4e2d\u8bcd\uff3bko\u02e7\uff3d\u548c\u6307\u8fdc\u8bcd\uff3bpian\u02e7]\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5199\u4f5c\u201c\u501a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e8b\u7269\u8ddd\u79bb\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u8fdc\u8fd1\uff0c\u201c\u501a\u201d\u8868\u793a\u79bb\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u6700\u8fd1\uff1b\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\u6700\u8fdc\uff1b\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u8868\u793a\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f4d\u4e8e\u201c\u501a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3255\u501a\u662f\u82f9\u679c\uff0c\u7b87\u662f\u6854\u5b50\uff0c\u8fb9\u662f\u68a8\u5b50\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u82f9\u679c\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6854\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\uff08\u66f4\u8fdc\uff09\u662f\u68a8\u5b50\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3256\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u501a\u79cd\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7b87\u79cd\u989c\u8272\uff08\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u79cd\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u90a3\u79cd\u989c\u8272\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3257\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u501a\u79cd\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u8fb9\u79cd\u989c\u8272\uff08\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u79cd\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u90a3\u79cd\u989c\u8272\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3258\u7b87\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u6211\u500b\uff0c\u8fb9\u672c\u4e66\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u500b\uff08\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u6211\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\uff08\u66f4\u8fdc\u5904\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u325ea. \u7b87\u5462\u5b50\u8863\u670d\u4e0d\u597d\u6d17\uff0c\u6382\u91cd\u7684\uff08\u5462\u5b50\u8863\u670d\u4e0d\u597d\u6d17\uff0c\u633a\u6c89\u7684\uff09\u3002\uff08\u5b9a\u6307\uff0c\u7c7b\u6307\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. \u7b87\u4ef6\u5462\u5b50\u8863\u670d\u4e0d\u597d\u6d17\uff0c\u6382\u91cd\u7684\uff08\u90a3\u4ef6\u5462\u5b50\u8863\u670d\u4e0d\u597d\u6d17\uff0c\u633a\u6c89\u7684\uff09\u3002\uff08\u5b9a\u6307\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u325fa. \u7b87\u82b1\u9f13\u620f\u4e0d\u597d\u770b\uff0c\u9ec4\u6885\u620f\u597d\u770b\u4e9b\uff08\u82b1\u9f13\u620f\u4e0d\u597d\u770b\uff0c\u9ec4\u6885\u620f\u597d\u770b\u4e9b\uff09\u3002\uff08\u5b9a\u6307\uff0c\u7c7b\u6307\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. \u7b87\u672c\u82b1\u9f13\u620f\u554a\u7231\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u770b\uff08\u8fd9\u66f2\u82b1\u9f13\u620f\u554a\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u770b\uff09\u3002\uff08\u5b9a\u6307\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u5220\u7565\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u53e5\u5b50\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8bed\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\uff1b\u800c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6307\u4e2d\u610f\u4e49\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u7701\u7565\u3002\u325eb\u548c\u325fb\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u7565\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53e5\u5b50\u4e0d\u5408\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u53ea\u7528\u5728\uff3b\u7b87+\u540d\uff3d\u91cc\u3002\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u548c\u8bdd\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u8bcd\u6210\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0e\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7528\u5728\uff3b\u7b87+\u91cf+\u540d\uff3d\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u91cf\u8bcd\u5728\u8bed\u5883\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8865\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7528\u505a\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u8bed\u5883\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5176\u7528\u4f5c\u6307\u4e2d\u8bcd\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u8bdd\u9898\u6210\u5206\u4e3a\uff3b\u6307+\u91cf+\u540d\uff3d\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\uff08\u89c1\u32b1\uff09\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u719f\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u32b1\u7b87\u501a\u4ef6\u8863\u670d\u597d\u770b\u591a\u4e86\uff08\u8fd9\u4ef6\u8863\u670d\u597d\u770b\u591a\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f8b\u53e5\u32b1\u91cc\uff0c\u8bdd\u9898\u6210\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u501a\u4ef6\u8863\u670d\u201d\u3002\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u53e5\u9996\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7528\u4f5c\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u53e5\u6cd5\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\u5747\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u4e2d\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u6240\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6210\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8868\u793a\u901a\u6307\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5149\u6746\u540d\u8bcd\u3001\u6307\u793a\u77ed\u8bed\u3001\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u8c13\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u3001\u5c0f\u53e5\u7b49\u3002\u7528\u4f5c\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u505a\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u5f3a\u8c03\u6216\u7a81\u51fa\u8bdd\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8086 \u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7528\u4f5c\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6765\u6e90<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1 \u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7531\u6307\u4e2d\u8bcd\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u7528\u4f5c\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u548c\u6307\u4e2d\u8bcd\u7684\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0b\u6587\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u6b63\u7531\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u5411\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u6f14\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5df2\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\uff08\u5218\u4e39\u97522005\uff1b\u5f20\u4f2f\u6c5f\u3001\u65b9\u68851996\uff1b\u65b9\u68852002\uff0c2014\uff1b\u8463\u79c0\u82b32012\uff1b\u9648\u7389\u6d012014\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u7528\u4f5c\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u6cd5\u5404\u5f02\u3002\u65b9\u6885\uff082002\uff09\u3001\u9648\u7389\u6d01\uff082014\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u7528\u505a\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u662f\u8bed\u7528\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u8463\u79c0\u82b3\uff082012\uff09\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u7528\u4f5c\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u6cd5\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53e4\u6c49\u8bed\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u201c\u592b\u201d\u672c\u6765\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdc\u6307\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8fdc\u6307\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u53d8\u5f97\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u53d8\u4e3a\u517c\u6307\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3002\u5176\u8bed\u4e49\u53d8\u5f97\u6982\u62ec\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4e13\u8868\u8fdc\u6307\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8fdc\u8fd1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u786e\u6307\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u592b\u201d\u3002\u5b9a\u6307\u548c\u7c7b\u6307\u662f\u76f8\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u662f\u9690\u55bb\u673a\u5236\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u662f\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff08\u8463\u79c0\u82b32012\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c68\u7f57\u65b9\u8a00\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7531\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecdDiessel\uff081999\uff09\u8861\u91cf\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u7528\u4f5c\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diessel\uff081999\uff1a118\uff09\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5224\u65ad\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u8bed\u6cd5\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u53e5\u6cd5\u3001\u8bcd\u5f62\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bed\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\u6807\u51c6\uff1ai\uff09\u7531\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6765\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6210\u5206\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u7528\u6765\u5f3a\u8c03\u542c\u8bdd\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff1bii\uff09\u4e0d\u518d\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6027\u7684\u6307\u793a\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u201cThe sun is rising\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u201cThis sun is rising\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201cthe\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u3002\u53e5\u6cd5\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1ai\uff09\u7531\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6210\u5206\u53ea\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8bed\u5883\uff1bii\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u5f62\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bed\u6cd5\u6210\u5206\u3002Diessel\uff081999\uff1a119\uff09\u5173\u4e8e\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u8bed\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u6807\u51c6\u4e3a\uff1ai\uff09\u6307\u8fdc\u8bcd\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u8bed\u6cd5\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u6307\u8fd1\u8bcd\uff1bii\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u66f2\u6298\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8bed\u97f3\u6807\u51c6\u4e3a\uff1ai\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u8bed\u97f3\u7f29\u51cf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1bii\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7531\u8bed\u7d20\u53d1\u751f\u878d\u5408\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6c68\u7f57\u65b9\u8a00\u6307\u4e2d\u8bcd\u201c\u7b87\u201d\u6b63\u7531\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u5411\u8bdd\u9898\u6807\u8bb0\u6f14\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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