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\u58f9 \u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2.1 \u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u88ab\u52a8\u5f0f\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u3280\u2160\u5f0f\uff1aNP+\u8ba8+NP\uff08\u65bd\u4e8b\uff09+VP+(C)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u3281\u2161\u5f0f\uff1a\u8ba8+NP\uff08\u65bd\u4e8b\uff09+VP+(C)+NP<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1) VP\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u52a8\u8865\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u5149\u6746\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u540e\u591a\u6709\u8865\u8bed\u6216\u522b\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u5982\u4f8b\u2469\u3001\u246a\u5e26\u8865\u8bed\u201c\u6b7b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) \u65bd\u4e8b\u653e\u5728\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u540e\u6784\u6210\u4ecb\u5bbe\u77ed\u8bed\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u65bd\u4e8b\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f31\u5316\u53d7\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3282\u2162\u5f0f\uff1a\u8ba8+NP\uff08\u65bd\u4e8b\uff09+VP+(C)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u246d\u6e20\u8981\u53bb\u5e7f\u4e1c\u6253\u5de5\uff0c\u8ba8\u8001\u5e08\u62e6\u4f4f\u8fc7\uff08\u4ed6\u8981\u53bb\u5e7f\u4e1c\u6253\u5de5\uff0c\u88ab\u8001\u5e08\u62e6\u4f4f\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u246e\u9633\u9633\u8dd1\u5728\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u8ba8\u8702\u5527\u53ee\u8fc7\u4e00\u53e3\uff08\u9633\u9633\u8dd1\u5728\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u88ab\u9ec4\u8702\u53ee\u4e86\u4e00\u53e3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u246f\u8ba8\u5927\u98ce\u4e00\u5439\uff0c\u7b87\u51e0\u9ea6\u79c6\u5c31\u5012\u4e0b\u8fc7\u88ab\u5927\u98ce\u4e00\u5439\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ea6\u79c6\u5c31\u5012\u4e0b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2470\u8ba8\u8001\u5e08\u6279\u8bc4\u8fc7\u4e00\u987f\uff0c\u6211\u5fc3\u4e0b\u86ee\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\uff08\u88ab\u8001\u5e08\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u4e00\u987f\uff0c\u6211\u5fc3\u91cc\u5f88\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f8b\u246d\u246e\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u201c\u6e20\u201d\u201c\u9633\u9633\u201d\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u5206\u53e5\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5206\u53e5\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u53e5\u4e2d\u627f\u524d\u7701\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u246f\u2470\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u53e5\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\u201c\u7b87\u51e0\u9ea6\u79c6\u201d\u201c\u6211\u201d\u5728\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5206\u53e5\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u7167\u5e94\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u8499\u540e\u7701\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 \u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u88ab\u52a8\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3280\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u7684\u65bd\u4e8b\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u540e\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u65bd\u4e8b\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0a\u9ad8\u8bdd\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u8868\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u4ecb\u8bcd\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5fc5\u987b\u5e26\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u5373\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e25\u683c\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u540e\u7684\u65bd\u4e8b\u8005\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u6709\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65bd\u4e8b\u8005\u4e0d\u660e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u7528\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4eba\u5bb6\u201d\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6765\u865a\u6307\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4eba\u5bb6\u201d\u5728\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u53bb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u88ab\u201d\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u4e8e\u52a8\u8bcd\u524d\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2471\u7b87\u7897\u6c64\u8ba8\u6e20\u6253\u522e\u8fc7\uff08\u8fd9\u7897\u6c64\u88ab\u4ed6\u6253\u6389\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2472\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u8ba8\u6211\u62c6\u70c2\u8fc7\uff08\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u88ab\u6211\u62c6\u70c2\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2473\u6e20\u8ba8\u51e0\u96bb\u7f57\u6c49\u6253\u8fc7\u4e00\u9910\uff08\u4ed6\u88ab\u51e0\u4e2a\u6d41\u6c13\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u987f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3251\u6211\u8ba8\u6e20\u6c14\u5f97\u534a\u6b7b\uff08\u6211\u88ab\u4ed6\u6c14\u5f97\u534a\u6b7b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3252\u8863\u88f3\u8ba8\u4eba\u6361\u8d70\u8fc7\uff08\u8863\u670d\u88ab\u4eba\u6361\u8d70\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e07\u6ce2(1997)\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u65bd\u4e8b\u5bbe\u8bed\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u6cdb\u6307\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u53bb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u88ab\u201d\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u4e8e\u52a8\u8bcd\u524d\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u578b\u3002\u5b89\u4e49\u65b9\u8a00\u4e2d\u5219\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\u6807\u8bb0\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u4e8e\u52a8\u8bcd\u524d\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3253\u6e20\u8ba8\u4eba\u6349\u8d77\u6765\u5f97\uff08\u4ed6\u88ab\u4eba\u6349\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3254\u75c5\u4eba\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8ba8\u4eba\u9001\u5230\u533b\u9662\u91cc\u53bb\u5f97\uff08\u75c5\u4eba\u9a6c\u4e0a\u88ab\u4eba\u9001\u8fdb\u4e86\u533b\u9662\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u5434\u8bed\u9ad8\u6df3\u8bdd\u548c\u6e58\u8bed\u6d1e\u53e3\u8bdd\u7684\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u7684\u201c\u88ab\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u65bd\u4e8b\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3255\u94b1\u8ba8\u82b1\u5149\u4e86\uff08\u94b1\u88ab\u82b1\u5149\u4e86\uff09\u3002(\u5434\u8bed\u9ad8\u6df3\u8bdd)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3256\u5176\u8ba8\u9a82\u5012\u6ca1\u5f97\u8bdd\u56de\u5f97\uff08\u4ed6\u88ab\u8bad\u5f97\u65e0\u8bdd\u53ef\u7b54\uff09\u3002(\u6e58\u8bed\u6d1e\u53e3\u8bdd)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3281\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u8ff0\u8bed\u548c\u8fde\u5e26\u6210\u5206\u3002\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u4e8c\u4ef7\u52a8\u4f5c\u52a8\u8bcd\u5145\u5f53\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u4e09\u4ef7\u52a8\u4f5c\u52a8\u8bcd\u5145\u5f53\uff0c\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u4ef7\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5f53\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e00\u4ef7\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u8ff0\u5bbe\u5f0f\u53cc\u97f3\u8282\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u5177\u6709\u81f4\u4f7f\u529b\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3257\u674e\u6821\u957f\u8ba8\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u64a4\u8fc7\u804c\uff08\u674e\u6821\u957f\u88ab\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u64a4\u4e86\u804c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3258\u6e20\u8ba8\u7b87\u91cd\u4e2a\u519c\u6d3b\u7d2f\u75c5\u8fc7\uff08\u4ed6\u88ab\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u519c\u6d3b\u7d2f\u75c5\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u80fd\u5149\u6746\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5e38\u5e26\u6709\u540e\u7eed\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u8ff0\u8865\u77ed\u8bed\u548c\u8ff0\u5bbe\u77ed\u8bed\u3002\u8ff0\u8865\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u8865\u8bed\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u8865\u8bed\u3001\u8d8b\u5411\u8865\u8bed\u3001\u60c5\u6001\u8865\u8bed\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u8865\u8bed\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8865\u8bed\u3001\u8d8b\u5411\u8865\u8bed\u548c\u60c5\u6001\u8865\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u6307\u5411\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u52a8\u91cf\u8865\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u6307\u5411\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u8865\u8bed\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7126\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3259\u72d7\u8ba8\u6c7d\u8f66\u538b\u6b7b\u8fc7\uff08\u72d7\u88ab\u6c7d\u8f66\u538b\u6b7b\u4e86\uff09\u3002(\u7ed3\u679c\u8865\u8bed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u325a\u6e20\u5fc3\u4e0b\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u8ba8\u6211\u770b\u51fa\u6765\u8fc7\uff08\u4ed6\u5fc3\u91cc\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u88ab\u6211\u770b\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff09\u3002(\u8d8b\u5411\u8865\u8bed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u325b\u6211\u8ba8\u6e20\u6c14\u5f97\u54ed\u8fc7\uff08\u6211\u88ab\u4ed6\u6c14\u5f97\u54ed\u4e86\uff09\u3002(\u60c5\u6001\u8865\u8bed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u325c\u9633\u9633\u4e0d\u542c\u8bdd\uff0c\u8ba8\u8001\u5e08\u6279\u8bc4\u8fc7\u51e0\u6b21\uff08\u9633\u9633\u4e0d\u542c\u8bdd\uff0c\u88ab\u8001\u5e08\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u51e0\u6b21\uff09\u3002(\u52a8\u91cf\u8865\u8bed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f8b\u3259\u325a\u325b\u7684\u8865\u8bed\u201c\u6b7b\u201d\u201c\u51fa\u6765\u201d\u201c\u54ed\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u6307\u5411\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u4f8b\u325c\u7684\u52a8\u91cf\u8865\u8bed\u201c\u51e0\u6b21\u201d\u6307\u5411\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u201c\u6279\u8bc4\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ff0\u5bbe\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u5bbe\u8bed\u8ddf\u8ff0\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53d7\u4e8b\u3001\u6210\u4e8b\u3001\u7cfb\u4e8b\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bbe\u8bed\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u325d\u732a\u573a\u8ba8\u8d3c\u726f\u5077\u8fc7\u4e94\u96bb\u732a\uff08\u517b\u732a\u573a\u88ab\u5c0f\u5077\u5077\u4e86\u4e94\u5934\u732a\uff09\u3002(\u53d7\u4e8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u325e\u8863\u88f3\u8ba8\u70df\u5934\u70e7\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u773c\uff08\u8863\u670d\u88ab\u70df\u5934\u70e7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d1e\uff09\u3002(\u6210\u4e8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u325f\u6e20\u88ab\u72d7\u54ac\u4f24\u8fc7\u624b\uff08\u4ed6\u88ab\u72d7\u54ac\u4f24\u4e86\u624b\uff09\u3002(\u7cfb\u4e8b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u5b57\u88ab\u52a8\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u9644\u52a0\u7ecf\u5386\u4f53\u6807\u8bb0\u201c\u6765\u201d\u6216\u5b8c\u6210\u4f53\u6807\u8bb0\u201c\u8fc7\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u32b1\u6e20\u8ba8\u86c7\u54ac\u6765\u811a\uff08\u4ed6\u88ab\u86c7\u54ac\u8fc7\u811a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u32b2\u6211\u8ba8\u6e20\u6253\u6765\uff08\u6211\u88ab\u4ed6\u6253\u8fc7\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u32b3\u7b87\u4ef6\u4e8b\u8ba8\u8001\u5e08\u6653\u5f97\u8fc7\uff08\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u88ab\u8001\u5e08\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u32b4\u6b63\u4e70\u4e2a\u8089\u8ba8\u72d7\u8854\u8d70\u8fc7\uff08\u521a\u4e70\u7684\u8089\u88ab\u72d7\u53fc\u8d70\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c1 \u4e0a\u9ad8\u8bdd\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0a\u9ad8\u8bdd\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5316\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u3002\u4e0a\u9ad8\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8ba8\u201d\u6709\u201c\u7d22\u53d6\u201d\u201c\u5a36\u201d\u201c\u6458\u201d\u201c\u62db\u60f9\u201d\u7b49\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u32b5\u4eca\u4e0b\u8ba8\u94b1\u4e2a\u4eba\u5187\u8ba8\u5230\u94b1\uff08\u4eca\u5929\u8ba8\u94b1\u7684\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba8\u5230\u94b1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u32b6\u6e20\u65e7\u5e74\u8ba8\u8fc7\u4e00\u96bb\u8001\u5a46\uff08\u4ed6\u53bb\u5e74\u5a36\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u5a46\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u32b7\u6211\u53bb\u56ed\u5730\u8ba8\u5ffd\u5527\u83dc\u55df\uff08\u6211\u9a6c\u4e0a\u53bb\u83dc\u56ed\u6458\u70b9\u513f\u83dc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u32b8\u4f60\u8bdd\u4e8b\u5187\u5927\u5187\u7ec6\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba8\u4eba\u5acc\uff08\u4f60\u8bf4\u8bdd\u6ca1\u5927\u6ca1\u5c0f\u5c31\u4f1a\u906d\u4eba\u5acc\u5f03\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u32b9\u4f60\u65e5\u65e5\u6e38\u624b\u597d\u95f2\u4e2a\uff0c\u771f\u4e2a\u8981\u8ba8\u4eba\u9a82\uff08\u4f60\u6bcf\u5929\u6e38\u624b\u597d\u95f2\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u8981\u6328\u9a82\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u32ba\u4f60\u52a8\u624b\u52a8\u811a\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u8ba8\u6211\u6253\u5427\uff08\u4f60\u52a8\u624b\u52a8\u811a\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u8981\u6328\u6211\u7684\u6253\u5427\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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