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\u58f9 \u5173\u4e8e\u6d77\u5357\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u4eba\u53e3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 1987\u5e74\u7248\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u5730\u56fe\u96c6\u300b\u6ca1\u6709\u6d77\u5357\u65b9\u8a00\u4e13\u56fe\uff0c\u53ea\u9644\u89c1\u4e8eB12\u95fd\u8bed\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B12 \u95fd\u8bed\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u6709\u95fd\u8bed\u3001\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u3001\u519b\u8bdd\u3001\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u3001\u8fc8\u8bdd\u3002\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u7684\u95fd\u8bed\u79f0\u4e3a\u743c\u6587\u533a\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u5e9c\u57ce\u7247\u3001\u6587\u660c\u7247\u3001\u4e07\u5b81\u7247\u3001\u5d16\u53bf\u7247\u3001\u660c\u611f\u7247\u4e94\u4e2a\u7247\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u628a\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u3001\u8fc8\u8bdd\u90fd\u5f52\u4e3a\u7ca4\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e\u5219\u672a\u4f5c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u8a00\u5e76\u7528\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B12 \u95fd\u8bed\u56fe\u5173\u4e8e\u6d77\u5357\u95fd\u8bed\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u743c\u6587\u533a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6709[\u0294b]\u548c[\u0294d]\u4e24\u4e2a\u5438\u6c14\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709[p\u2019 t\u2019 ts\u2019 k\u2018]\u7b49\u9001\u6c14\u7684\u585e\u97f3\u3001\u585e\u64e6\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u3002\u672c\u533a\u65b9\u8a00\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6709\u65e0[f v]\u6216[\u03c6 b]\u58f0\u6bcd\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u5e9c\u57ce\u7247\u3001\u6587\u660c\u7247\u3001\u4e07\u5b81\u7247\u3001\u5d16\u53bf\u7247\u3001\u660c\u611f\u7247\u7b49\u4e94\u4e2a\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u6d77\u5357\u4e8e1988\u5e74\u5efa\u7701\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5e02\u53bf\u533a\u5212\u3001\u5730\u540d\u66f4\u6539\u7b49\u60c5\u5f62\u65f6\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u90e82004\u5e74\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212\u7b80\u518c\u300b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e00\u8ba2\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u5b57\u4e5f\u6709\u53d8\u52a8\u30021987\u5e74\u7248A1\u56fe\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u300b\u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u88682\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u201d\u628a\u201c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u548c\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u201d\u5217\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u662f59,299,220\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6c49\u65cf58,239,089\u4eba\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf1,056,731\u4eba\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u660e\u6d77\u5357\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u636e\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u6c11\u653f\u53852004\u5e748\u6708\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u8d44\u6599(\u6c11\u653f\u5385\u5730\u540d\u533a\u5212\u5904\u5904\u957f\u6797\u5e86\u96c4\u5148\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b)\uff0c\u6d77\u5357\u5168\u7701\u4eba\u53e3\u603b\u6570\u4e3a810\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 \u5173\u4e8e\u6c49\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u636e1994\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u5730\u65b9\u53f2\u5fd7\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7f16\u300a\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u5fd7\u300b\u6240\u8f7d\uff0c\u660e\u671d\u6c38\u4e50\u5341\u5e74(\u516c\u51431412\u5e74)\uff0c\u6d77\u5357\u6c49\u65cf\u9ece\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516b\u5341\u516b\u6bd4\u5341\u4e8c(19\u9875)\uff0c\u52301990\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u65f6\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf5,442,386\u4eba\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u51711,115,096\u4eba(\u5176\u4e2d\u9ece\u65cf1,019,503\u4eba\uff0c\u82d7\u65cf52,044\u4eba\uff0c\u58ee\u65cf31,017\u4eba\uff0c\u56de\u65cf5,695\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf6,837\u4eba)\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768483%\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768417%\uff0c\u9ece\u65cf\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768415.55%(67\u9875)\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u6b63\u597d\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002\u4f46\u300a\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u5fd7\u300b\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\u8bb2\u9ece\u8bed\u7684\u7ea680\u591a\u4e07\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e34\u9ad8\u8bdd\u7684\u7ea650\u591a\u4e07\uff0c\u8bb2\u6751\u8bdd\u7684\u7ea66\u4e07\u591a\uff0c\u8bb2\u82d7\u8bed\u7684\u7ea64\u4e07\u591a(\u89c1\u300a\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u5fd7\u300b257\u9875\uff0c261\u9875\uff0c262\u9875\uff0c263\u9875)\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u8bb2\u56de\u8f89\u8bdd\u7684\uff0c\u5171140\u591a\u4e07\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bb2\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768417%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f30\u8ba1\u5927\u6982\u4e0d\u592a\u5207\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u4f1a\u8bb2\u6d77\u5357\u95fd\u8bed\u6216\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\uff0c\u66f4\u4f55\u51b5\u5f88\u591a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u5728\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6bcd\u8bed\u30021987\u5e74\u7248C14\u300a\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u300b(\u6b27\u9633\u89c9\u4e9a\u8d1f\u8d23)\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u7565\u5c11\u4e8e\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u8bb2\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u603b\u6570\u662f136.09\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81f3\u4e8e\u8bb2\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u4eca810\u4e07\u6d77\u5357\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4f1a\u8bb2\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684136\u4e07\u4eba(\u53d6\u6b27\u9633\u89c9\u4e9a\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u6574\u6570)\uff0c\u5c31\u6709674\u4e07\u4eba\u8bb2\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb2\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u7684\u7ea670\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u8bb2\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u7684\u7ea66\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u8bb2\u519b\u8bdd\u7684\u7ea611\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u8bb2\u8fc8\u8bdd\u7684\u7ea61.2\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u8bb2\u86cb\u5bb6\u8bdd\u7684\u7ea60.5\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ece\u56db\u9762\u516b\u65b9\u6765\u5230\u6d77\u5357\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u7ecf\u5546\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u5916\u5730\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u7ea640\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bb2\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u6216\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5269\u4e0b\u7684545.3\u4e07\u4eba\u90fd\u8bb2\u6d77\u5357\u95fd\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d30 \u6d77\u5357\u95fd\u8bed\u7684\u533a\u5212\u548c\u5404\u5c0f\u7247\u7279\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u6d77\u5357\u95fd\u8bed(\u743c\u6587\u7247)\u7684\u533a\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u5c0f\u7247\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e9c\u57ce\u5c0f\u7247\uff1a\u6d77\u53e3\u5e02\u3001\u743c\u5c71\u5e02\u3001\u6f84\u8fc8\u53bf\u3001\u5b9a\u5b89\u53bf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6587\u660c\u5c0f\u7247\uff1a\u6587\u660c\u5e02\u3001\u743c\u6d77\u5e02<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e07\u5b81\u5c0f\u7247\uff1a\u4e07\u5b81\u5e02\u3001\u9675\u6c34\u53bf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5d16\u53bf\u5c0f\u7247\uff1a\u4e09\u4e9a\u5e02\u3001\u4e50\u4e1c\u53bf\u3001\u767d\u6c99\u53bf\uff08\u7259\u53c9\u9547\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u9547\uff09\u3001\u4fdd\u4ead\u53bf(\u53bf\u57ce\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u9547\uff09\u3001\u743c\u4e2d\u53bf\uff08\u8425\u6839\u9547\u3001\u4e4c\u77f3\u3001\u6e7e\u5cad\uff09\u3001\u4e94\u6307\u5c71\u5e02\uff08\u539f\u901a\u4ec0\u53bf\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u8f96\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u9547\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u660c\u611f\u5c0f\u7247\uff1a\u4e1c\u65b9\u5e02\u3001\u660c\u6c5f\u53bf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0b\u6587\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7247\u4e3e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u65b9\u8a00\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u58f0\u97f5\u8c03\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5c0f\u7247\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 \u5e9c\u57ce\u5c0f\u7247<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u6d77\u53e3\u8bdd\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u58f0\u6bcd\u6709\u5438\u6c14\u97f3\u0294b\u3001\u0294d\uff0c\u820c\u6839\u64e6\u97f3\u6709x\u3001h\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u5165\u58f0\u97f5\u5c3e\u6709p t k\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5589\u585e\u97f3\u5c3e\u0294\uff0c\u5165\u58f0\u9664\u4e86\u9634\u5165\u9633\u5165\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5165\u8c03\u3002\u636e\u9648\u9e3f\u8fc81996\uff1b\u675c\u4f9d\u50292005\uff0c\u6d77\u53e3\u65b9\u8a00\u58f0\u97f5\u8c03\u5982\u4e0b(\u6392\u5217\u6b21\u5e8f\u7565\u6709\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5b57\u4e5f\u6709\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u540c)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3280\u58f0\u6bcd16\u4e2a(\u5305\u62ec\u96f6\u58f0\u6bcd\u5728\u5185)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6309\uff0c\u636e\u675c\u4f9d\u5029(2005)\u7eaa\u5f55\uff0c\u6d77\u53e3\u6709[p\u2019]\u58f0\u6bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u62cd\u201d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3281\u97f5\u6bcd44\u4e2a(\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u6210\u97f3\u8282\u7684m\u0329\u3001\u014b\u030d)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3282\u58f0\u8c038\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.3 \u6587\u660c\u5c0f\u7247<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u6587\u660c\u8bdd\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u58f0\u6bcd\u4e5f\u6709\u5438\u6c14\u97f3\u0294b\u3001\u0294d\uff0c\u6709x\u3001h\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u53cc\u5507\u64e6\u97f3\u03c6\uff0c\u5165\u58f0\u97f5\u5c3e\u6709p t k \u0294\u56db\u4e2a\uff0c\u53bb\u58f0\u9664\u4e86\u9634\u53bb\u9633\u53bb\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u53bb\u3002\u636e\u6881\u72b9\u521a1986\uff0c124-132\u9875\uff0c\u6587\u660c\u8bdd\u58f0\u97f5\u8c03\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3280\u58f0\u6bcd18\u4e2a(\u5305\u62ec\u96f6\u58f0\u6bcd\u5728\u5185)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3281\u97f5\u6bcd52\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3282\u58f0\u8c038\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.4 \u4e07\u5b81\u5c0f\u7247<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u4e07\u5b81\u8bdd\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u58f0\u6bcd\u6bd4\u6d77\u53e3\u3001\u6587\u660c\u591a\u4e86\u9001\u6c14\u585e\u97f3p\u2019\uff0c\u5165\u58f0\u97f5\u5c3e\u53ea\u6709t\u3001k\u3001\u0294\u4e09\u4e2a\uff0c\u53bb\u58f0\u9664\u4e86\u9634\u53bb\u9633\u53bb\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfb[\u02e5\u02e9]51\u8c03\u7684\u53bb\u58f0\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u53e4\u6e05\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u53bb\u58f0\u5b57\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u53e4\u6d4a\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u53bb\u58f0\u5b57\u3002\u636e\u300a\u4e07\u5b81\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b133-134\u9875\uff0c\u4e07\u5b81\u8bdd\u58f0\u97f5\u8c03\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3280\u58f0\u6bcd19\u4e2a(\u5305\u62ec\u96f6\u58f0\u6bcd)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3281\u97f5\u6bcd47\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3282\u58f0\u8c038\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.5 \u5d16\u53bf\u5c0f\u7247<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u4e09\u4e9a\u8bdd\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u9001\u6c14\u585e\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcdp\u2019\u3001t\u2019\u3001k\u2019\uff0c\u5165\u58f0\u97f5\u53ea\u6709t\u3001k\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002\u636e\u9ec4\u8c37\u7518\uff081991\uff0c247-248\u9875\uff09\uff0c\u4e09\u4e9a\u8bdd\u58f0\u97f5\u8c03\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3280\u58f0\u6bcd18\u4e2a(\u5305\u62ec\u96f6\u58f0\u6bcd)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3281\u97f5\u6bcd35\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3282\u58f0\u8c038\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.6 \u660c\u611f\u5c0f\u7247<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u4e1c\u65b9\u5e02\u677f\u6865\u589f\u8bdd\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u6709\u9001\u6c14\u7684\u585e\u97f3\u585e\u64e6\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcdp\u2019\u3001t\u2019\u3001k\u2019\u3001ts\u2019\u56db\u4e2a\uff0c\u5165\u58f0\u97f5\u5c3e\u53ea\u6709\u0294\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u636e\u51af\u6210\u8c79\uff081989\uff0c47-52\u9875\uff09\uff0c\u677f\u6865\u589f\u8bdd\u97f3\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3280\u58f0\u6bcd18\u4e2a(\u5305\u62ec\u96f6\u58f0\u6bcd)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3281\u97f5\u6bcd39\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3282\u58f0\u8c037\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.7 \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u95fd\u8bed\u743c\u6587\u7247\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e94\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7247\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u743c\u6587\u7247\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)\u6709\u5438\u6c14\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd[\u0294b]\u548c[\u0294d](\u4e94\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7247\u53ea\u6709\u660c\u611f\u7247\u6ca1\u6709)\u3002\u5982\u6d77\u53e3\u8bdd\u201c\u997c\u7b14\u76d8\u623f\u201d\u8bfb[\u0294b]\u58f0\u6bcd\uff0c\u201c\u65ad\u6761\u9547\u8fdf\u201d\u8bfb[\u0294d]\u58f0\u6bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)\u6587\u660c\u5c0f\u7247\u7684\u6587\u660c\u8bdd\u6709\u03c6\u58f0\u6bcd\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u9f3b\u75b2\u592b\u6d66\u201d\u7b49\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u53e4\u6ec2\u3001\u4e26\u3001\u975e\u3001\u6577\u3001\u5949\u6bcd\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u5219\u8bfbf\u6216v\u6216b\u58f0\u6bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3)\u5e9c\u57ce\u5c0f\u7247\u3001\u6587\u660c\u5c0f\u7247\u548c\u4e07\u5b81\u5c0f\u7247\u58f0\u6bcd\u6709x\u3001h\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u660c\u8bdd\u201c\u5feb\u7f3a\u592a\u6c14\u201d\u8bfbx\u58f0\u6bcd\uff0c\u201c\u706b\u82b1\u8840\u9677\u201c\u8bfbh\u58f0\u6bcd\u3002\u5d16\u53bf\u5c0f\u7247\u548c\u660c\u611f\u5c0f\u7247\u5219\u65e0\u6b64\u5206\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4)\u5e9c\u57ce\u5c0f\u7247\u3001\u6587\u660c\u5c0f\u7247\u591a\u6570\u65b9\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709[p\u2019 t\u2019 ts\u2019 k\u2019]\u7b49\u9001\u6c14\u7684\u585e\u97f3\u3001\u585e\u64e6\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\uff0c\u5e9c\u57ce\u5c0f\u7247\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u62cd\u201d\u5b57\u8bfb[p\u2019]\u58f0\u6bcd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u8a00\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6587\u660c\u5c0f\u7247\u7684\u743c\u6d77\u5e02\u5609\u79ef\u9547\u8bdd\u201c\u592b\u8c31\u752b\u914d\u88ab\u6cfc\u629b\u201d\u7b49\u90fd\u8bfb[p\u2018]\u58f0\u6bcd(\u636e\u51af\u6210\u8c791992\uff0c41-51\u9875)\uff0c\u4e07\u5b81\u5c0f\u7247\u4e5f\u6709\u9001\u6c14\u7684\u585e\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd[p\u2019]\uff0c\u5d16\u53bf\u5c0f\u7247\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u9001\u6c14\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd[p\u2018 t\u2019 k\u2018]\uff0c\u660c\u611f\u5c0f\u7247\u6709[p\u2019 t\u2018 ts\u2019 k\u2018]\u56db\u4e2a\u9001\u6c14\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\uff0c\u5982\u660c\u611f\u5c0f\u7247\u7684\u677f\u6865\u8bdd\u201c\u5e73\u3001\u4f53\u3001\u7c97\u3001\u5ba2\u201d\u5c31\u5206\u522b\u8bfb[p\u2019 t\u2018 ts\u2019 k\u2018]\u58f0\u6bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5)\u5e9c\u57ce\u5c0f\u7247\u6d77\u53e3\u8bdd\uff0c\u53e4\u5c71\u5b95\u6c5f\u901a\u56db\u6444\u5b57\u8bfb[a\u014b]\u97f5\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u73ed\u7f51\u5e2e\u866b\uff1b\u6216[ia\u014b]\u97f5\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u6c5f\u7a77\u80bf\u53cc\uff1b\u6216[ua\u014b]\u97f5\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u614c\u5224\u4e13\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(6)\u5e9c\u57ce\u5c0f\u7247\u6709[-p -t -k]\u5165\u58f0\u97f5\u5c3e\uff0c\u65e0[-\u0294]\u97f5\u5c3e\uff1b\u6587\u660c\u5c0f\u7247\u6709[-p -t -k -\u0294]\u97f5\u5c3e\uff1b\u4e07\u5b81\u5c0f\u7247\u53ea\u6709[-t -k -\u0294]\u97f5\u5c3e\uff0c\u5d16\u53bf\u5c0f\u7247\u4e09\u4e9a\u8bdd\u53ea\u6709[-t -k]\u97f5\u5c3e\uff0c\u897f\u5317\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u9ec4\u6d41\u9547\u8bdd\u53ea\u6709[-\u0294]\u97f5\u5c3e\uff0c\u660c\u611f\u5c0f\u7247\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709[-\u0294]\u97f5\u5c3e\u3002\u5982\u4e09\u4e9a\u8bdd\u201c\u63a5\u706d\u201d\u8bfb[\u0259k]\u97f5\uff0c\u201c\u6770\u76f4\u201d\u8bfb[it]\u97f5\uff1b\u660c\u611f\u5c0f\u7247\u677f\u6865\u8bdd\u201c\u9e2d\u7532\u62cd\u6bd2\u843d\u201d\u90fd\u8bfb[a\u0294]\u97f5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(7)\u591a\u6570\u65b9\u8a00\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u58f0\uff0c\u4f46\u5d16\u53bf\u5c0f\u7247\u6709\u9634\u4e0a\u9633\u4e0a\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u5982\u4e09\u4e9a\u8bdd\u201c\u6b7b\u6bd4\u201d\u8bfb\u9634\u4e0a[\u02e8\u02e9]21\u8c03\uff0c\u201c\u8033\u6709\u201d\u8bfb\u9633\u4e0a[\u02e6\u02e8]42\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(8)\u5e9c\u57ce\u5c0f\u7247\u9664\u4e86\u9634\u5165\u9633\u5165\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u957f\u5165\u8c03\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u585e\u97f3\u97f5\u5c3e\uff0c\u5982\u6d77\u53e3\u8bdd\u7684\u201c\u516b\u9a73\u5854\u8ff9\u201d\u8bfb\u957f\u5165\u8c03[\u02e5]55\u3002\u6587\u660c\u5c0f\u7247\u4e07\u5b81\u5c0f\u7247\u9664\u4e86\u9634\u53bb\u9633\u53bb\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df7\u5408\u53bb\u58f0\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u53e4\u6e05\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u53bb\u58f0\u548c\u6d4a\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u53bb\u58f0\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6765\u3002\u5982\u6587\u660c\u8bdd\u201c\u89c6\u7c38\u5473\u5146\u547d\u8fc5\u201d\u7b49\u5b57\uff0c\u4e07\u5b81\u8bdd\u201c\u89c6\u201d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c1 \u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u3001\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u3001\u519b\u8bdd\u3001\u8fc8\u8bdd\u3001\u86cb\u5bb6\u8bdd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 \u510b\u5dde\u8bdd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u510b\u5dde\u5e02\u9664\u4e1c\u5357\u89d2\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\uff1b\u767d\u6c99\u53bf\u4e0e\u510b\u5dde\u4ea4\u754c\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6751\u843d\uff1a\u72ee\u7403\u4e61\u3001\u8363\u90a6\u4e61\u7b49\uff1b\u660c\u6c5f\u53bf\u5317\u90e8\u6cbf\u6d77\u7684\u6d77\u5c3e\u9547\u3001\u5357\u7f57\u9547\u4e00\u5e26\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u77f3\u788c\u9547\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e09\u4e9a\u5e02\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u6751\u843d(\u5218\u65b0\u4e2d2001\uff0c49\u9875\uff1b\u9ec4\u8c37\u75181991\uff0c243\u9875)\u3002\u8bf4\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea670\u4e07\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539fB12\u56fe\u628a\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u3001\u8fc8\u8bdd\u4e00\u8d77\u5f52\u5165\u7ca4\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u539fA1\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u300b\u628a\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u5217\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u5b98\u8bdd\u201d\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u7cfb\u5c5e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u5173\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\u4e01\u90a6\u65b0\u7684\u300a\u510b\u5dde\u6751\u8bdd\u300b(1986)\u548c\u5434\u82f1\u4fca\u7684\u300a\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u510b\u5dde\u65b9\u8a00\u5355\u5b57\u97f3\u8868\u300b(1988)\u3002\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u6709\u6587\u767d\u8bfb\u4e24\u79cd\u97f3\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u767d\u8bfb\u97f3\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e01\u3001\u5434\u4e24\u79cd\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5219\u58f0\u6bcd\u90fd\u662f16\u4e2a\uff0c\u97f5\u6bcd\u662f\u4e01\u8bb057\u4e2a\uff0c\u5434\u8bb068\u4e2a\uff0c\u58f0\u8c03\u90fd\u662f6\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u58f0\u6bcd\uff0c\u5434\u8bb0113\u9875\uff1a\u201c\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u4e0d\u8bba\u6587\u8bfb\u767d\u8bfb\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u9001\u6c14\u58f0\u6bcd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u53e4\u975e\u6577\u5949\u6bcd\u53ca\u6ec2\u4e26\uff08\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u6bcd\u5b57\uff0c\u4eca\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u8bfb\u53cc\u5507\u6e05\u64e6\u97f3[\u03c6]\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bfb\u4f5c[p\u2019]\u6216[f]\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u201d\u4e01\u90a6\u65b0\u300a\u510b\u5dde\u6751\u8bdd\u300b5\u9875\u5c31\u8bb0\u4f5c[p\u2018]\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\uff0c\u4e01\u90a6\u65b0\u300a\u510b\u5dde\u6751\u8bdd\u300b189\u9875\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u6587\u8a00\u97f3\u548c\u7ca4\u8bed\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u767d\u8bdd\u97f3\u4ecb\u4e8e\u8d63\u3001\u5ba2\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1a\u201c\u6587\u8a00\u97f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u4ece\u7ca4\u8bed\u533a\u4f20\u5230\u510b\u5dde\u548c\u767d\u8bdd\u97f3\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u3002\u597d\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u8bc1\u660e\u6587\u8a00\u97f3\u548c\u7ca4\u8bed\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u201d\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u8d63\u5ba2\u8bed\u8fd9\u4e00\u5927\u652f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u510b\u5dde\u6751\u8bdd\u7684\u767d\u8bdd\u97f3\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u8d63\u5ba2\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u60c5\u5f62\u4e3a\u51c6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u767d\u8bdd\u97f3\u4fdd\u6301\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u53e4\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u4ecb\u4e8e\u8d63\u8bed\u548c\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5927\u65b9\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u510b\u5dde\u6751\u8bdd\u3002\u201d\u6881\u72b9\u521a\u300a\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u300b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u767d\u8bfb\u97f3\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7ca4\u8bed\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u97f3\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5317\u65b9\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u636e\u300a\u510b\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\uff08\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u7eed\u4fee\uff0c1982\u5e74\u91cd\u5370\u672c\uff09199\u9875\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u510b\u5dde\u4eba\u6765\u81ea\u65e7\u9ad8\u5dde\u3001\u68a7\u5dde\u5e9c\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u8fd8\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u7ca4\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6e17\u900f\u4e86\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u8a00(\u8bed\u8a00)\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u201d\u201c\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u8fd8\u6709\u4e13\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u4e66\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u97f3\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u97f3\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5317\u65b9\u8bdd\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b14\u8005\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u4ece\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u767d\u8bdd\u97f3\u770b\uff0c\u58f0\u6bcd\u6709\u5438\u6c14\u97f3\u0294b\u3001\u0294d\uff0c\u5589\u64e6\u97f3\u5206x\u3001h\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6d77\u5357\u95fd\u8bed\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7279\u70b9\uff1b\u58f0\u8c03\u516d\u4e2a\uff0c\u548c\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u76f8\u4f3c\uff1b\u97f5\u6bcd\u548c\u7ca4\u8bed\u3001\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f55\u79cd\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u5224\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ecd\u4ece\u539fA1\u56fe\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c5e\u201c\u672a\u5206\u533a\u7684\u975e\u5b98\u8bdd\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 \u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u510b\u5dde\u5e02\u5357\u4e30\u9547\u3001\u5170\u6d0b\u9547\uff0c\u90a3\u5927\u9547\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e1c\u98ce\u519c\u573a\u3001\u756a\u52a0\u519c\u573a\u3001\u4fa8\u690d\u519c\u573a\u7b49\u5730\uff1b\u4e50\u4e1c\u53bf\u62b1\u7531\u9547\uff1b\u743c\u4e2d\u53bf\u677e\u6d9b\u9547\u548c\u4e2d\u5e73\u9547\u7684\u601d\u6cb3\uff1b\u4e09\u4e9a\u5e02\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u6751\u843d(\u5218\u65b0\u4e2d2001\uff0c50\u9875\uff1b\u9ec4\u8c37\u75181991\uff0c243\u9875)\u3002\u8bf4\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea66\u4e07\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\uff0c\u636e\u7b14\u8005\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u510b\u5dde\u5e02\u90a3\u5927\u9547\u77f3\u5c4b\u6751\u8bdd(\u53d1\u97f3\u4eba\u674e\u6d77\u950b\uff0c1974\u5e74\u751f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u5e08)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u53e4\u5168\u6d4a\u4e0a\u58f0\u5b57\u3001\u6b21\u6d4a\u4e0a\u58f0\u5b57\u90fd\u6709\u8bfb\u540c\u9634\u5e73\u8c03\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4f5c\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u662f\u65e0\u7591\u7684\u3002\u6881\u72b9\u521a(1984\uff0c267\u9875)\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u7684\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u662f\u6e05\u4ee3\u5609\u5e86\u3001\u9053\u5149\u5e74\u95f4(\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6)\u4ece\u7ca4\u4e1c\u5609\u5e94\u5dde\u8fc1\u6765\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u8bb2\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u53e3\u97f3\u4e0e\u6885\u53bf\u4e00\u5e26\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 \u519b\u8bdd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u7684\u519b\u8bdd\u5206\u5e03\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u5c0f\uff0c\u897f\u90e8\u548c\u5357\u90e8\u90fd\u6709\u3002\u5218\u65b0\u4e2d(2001\uff0c50\u9875)\u628a\u519b\u8bdd\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u7247\uff1a\u5d16\u57ce\u7247\uff0c\u5982\u4e09\u4e9a\u5e02\u5d16\u57ce\u589f\uff1b\u510b\u5dde\u7247\uff0c\u5982\u90a3\u5927\u3001\u4e2d\u548c\u3001\u738b\u4e94\u3001\u957f\u5761\u7b49\u5730\uff1b\u660c\u611f\u7247\uff0c\u5982\u660c\u6c5f\u53bf\u7684\u4e4c\u70c8\u3001\u4fdd\u5e73\u3001\u660c\u5316\u3001\u660c\u57ce\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u5e02\u7684\u516b\u6240\u3001\u4e09\u5bb6\u3001\u7f57\u5e26\u7b49\u5730\u3002\u4e18\u5b66\u5f3a(2005)\u300a\u519b\u8bdd\u7814\u7a76\u300b3\u9875\u5bf9\u6d77\u5357\u7684\u519b\u8bdd\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd(\u4eba\u6570\u7ea611\u4e07\u5de6\u53f3)\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f15\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u4e1c\u65b9\u5e02\u8bb2\u519b\u8bdd\u7684\u6709\u7f57\u5e26\u4e61\u7684\u7f57\u5e26\u3001\u5341\u6240\u3001\u798f\u4e45\u3001\u90a3\u60a6\u3001\u5c0f\u5cad\u3001\u5927\u5761\u7530\u3001\u7ea2\u5174\u3001\u4e0b\u540d\u5c71\u3001\u4e0a\u540d\u5c71\u3001\u9752\u5c71\uff0c\u516b\u6240\u9547\u7684\u516b\u6240\u3001\u5c45\u9f99\u3001\u5927\u7816\u5761\u3001\u798f\u8000\u3001\u7687\u5b81\u3001\u84b2\u8349\uff0c\u4e09\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u4e50\u5b89\u3001\u5cad\u6751\u3001\u5b98\u7530\u7b49\u5730\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u660c\u6c5f\u5e02\u7684\u660c\u5316\u9547\u53ca\u660c\u57ce\u4e61\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6751\u843d\u3001\u4e4c\u70c8\u9547\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6751\u843d\u4e5f\u8bb2\u519b\u8bdd\u3002\u4e1c\u65b9\u53ca\u660c\u6c5f\u8bb2\u519b\u8bdd\u7684\u5171\u7ea6\u516d\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bb2\u5d16\u57ce\u519b\u8bdd\u7684\u6709\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u4e09\u4e9a\u5e02\u5d16\u57ce\u9547\u5b81\u8fdc\u6cb3\u4ee5\u5317\u57ce\u897f\u7684\u897f\u5173\u3001\u897f\u5143\u3001\u5d16\u57ce\u7684\u9075\u4e00\u6751\u3001\u9075\u4e8c\u6751\u3001\u5d16\u57ce\u4e00\u961f\u3001\u5d16\u57ce\u4e8c\u961f\uff0c\u4e1c\u5173\u5e02\u3001\u57ce\u4e1c\u9a6c\u7ad9\uff0c\u5171\u7ea6\u4e00\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u6c34\u5357\u9ad8\u5c71\u6751(\u72ec\u6751)\u6709\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u767e\u4eba\u8bb2\u5341\u6240\u519b\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bb2\u510b\u5dde\u519b\u8bdd\u7684\u6709\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u510b\u5dde\u5e02\u7684\u4e2d\u548c\u9547\u3001\u90a3\u5927\u9547\u4ee5\u53ca\u738b\u4e94\u3001\u957f\u5761\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u5171\u7ea6\u56db\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u7ea6\u5360\u5168\u53bf\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u76845.7%\u3002\u6d77\u5934\u3001\u6728\u68e0\u4ee5\u524d\u4e5f\u662f\u8bb2\u519b\u8bdd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u6d77\u5357\u519b\u8bdd\u7684\u7531\u6765\uff0c\u6881\u72b9\u521a(1984\uff0c267\u9875)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u7684\u519b\u8bdd\u662f\u5317\u65b9\u8bdd\u7684\u4e00\u652f\u3002\u2018\u6b64\u4e43\u4e94\u4ee3\u524d\u58eb\u592b\u4ee5\u519b\u620d\u510b\uff0c\u9042\u76f8\u4f20\u4e60\uff0c\u6545\u540d\u519b\u8bdd\u3002\u2019\u2018\u4e0e\u5357\u7701\u5b98\u8bdd\u6b63\u97f3\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u2019\u519b\u8bdd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u4f20\u5165\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u7684\u897f\u5357\u5b98\u8bdd\u7684\u4e00\u652f\u82d7\u88d4\u3002\u201d\u4e91\u60df\u5229(1987)\u300a\u6d77\u5357\u65b9\u8a00\u300b3\u9875\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u519b\u8bdd\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5b98\u8bdd\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u519b\u8bdd\u2019\u7684\u2018\u519b\u2019\u5e94\u662f\u2018\u5b98\u2019\u5b57\u7684\u97f3\u8bb9\u6216\u56e0\u4eff\u8bfb\u2018\u5b98\u2019\u5b57\u800c\u6765\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u510b\u5dde\u4e2d\u548c\u519b\u8bdd\u7684\u97f3\u7cfb(\u636e\u4e18\u5b66\u5f3a2005\uff0c56-57\u9875)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3280\u58f0\u6bcd20\u4e2a(\u5305\u62ec\u96f6\u58f0\u6bcd)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3281\u97f5\u6bcd27\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3282\u58f0\u8c03\u4e94\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6309\uff0c\u510b\u5dde\u4e2d\u548c\u519b\u8bdd\u7684\u58f0\u6bcd\u53d7\u5468\u56f4\u95fd\u8bed\u3001\u510b\u5dde\u8bdd\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5438\u6c14\u97f3\u0294b\u548c\u0294d\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u5e02\u4e09\u4e9a\u5e02\u7684\u519b\u8bdd\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5438\u6c14\u97f3\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6d77\u5357\u519b\u8bdd\u5c5e\u5b98\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ece\u5730\u7f18\u770b\uff0c\u662f\u897f\u5357\u5b98\u8bdd\u7684\u4e00\u652f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.4 \u8fc8\u8bdd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fc8\u8bdd\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u9ec4\u8c37\u7518\u3001\u674e\u5982\u9f99(1987)\u300a\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u7684\u8fc8\u8bdd\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u65b9\u8a00\u300b\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4e09\u4e9a\u5e02\u5d16\u57ce\u533a\u62f1\u5317\u3001\u57ce\u4e1c\u3001\u6c34\u5357\u4e09\u4e61\u53ca\u7f8a\u680f\u533a\u7f8a\u680f\u5999\u6797\u4e24\u4e61\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u6570\u7ea6\u4e00\u4e07\u4e24\u5343\u5de6\u53f3(1982\u5e74\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1)\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6881\u72b9\u521a(1984)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e50\u4e1c\u53bf\u7684\u6cbf\u6d77\u6e14\u6751\u548c\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4e5f\u6709\u8bf4\u8fc8\u8bdd\u7684\uff0c\u9ec4\u8c37\u7518\u3001\u674e\u5982\u9f99(1987\uff0c273\u9875)\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a3\u662f\u65e6[\u86cb]\u5bb6\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u56feB12\u628a\u8fc8\u8bdd\u5212\u5f52\u7ca4\u8bed\uff0c\u6881\u72b9\u521a(1984)\u3001\u9648\u6ce2(1984)\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ca4\u8bed\uff0c\u9ec4\u8c37\u7518\u3001\u674e\u5982\u9f99(1987)\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u8fc8\u8bdd\u65e2\u6709\u7ca4\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u6210\u5206\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6d77\u5357\u95fd\u8bed\u53ca\u5ba2\u8d63\u65b9\u8a00\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u65b9\u8a00\u3002\u201d\u672c\u6587\u4ecd\u4ece\u539f\u56fe\u5f52\u5165\u7ca4\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.5 \u86cb\u5bb6\u8bdd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u86cb\u5bb6\u8bdd\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u4e09\u4e9a\u5e02\u5357\u6d77\u3001\u6986\u6e2f\u3001\u540e\u6d77\u85e4\u6865\u6e14\u4e1a\u6751\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u6570\u7ea65\u5343\u4eba\uff0c\u5c5e\u7ca4\u8bed\uff1b\u300a\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u5fd7\u300b\u628a\u86cb\u5bb6\u8bdd\u79f0\u4e3a\u8247\u5bb6\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u8247\u5bb6\u8bed\u5373\u5e7f\u4e1c\u8bed\u4e5f(\u636e\u9ec4\u8c37\u5eff1991\uff0c245\u9875)\u3002\u86cb\u5bb6\u8bdd\u7684\u97f3\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b(\u636e\u9ec4\u8c37\u75181991\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684220\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b57\u4e2d\u6574\u7406)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3280\u58f0\u6bcd14\u4e2a(\u5305\u62ec\u96f6\u58f0\u6bcd)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3281\u97f5\u6bcd41\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3282\u58f0\u8c039\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6309\uff0c\u4ece\u86cb\u5bb6\u8bdd\u7684\u58f0\u97f5\u8c03\u7cfb\u7edf\u770b\uff0c\u58f0\u8c03\u7684\u8c03\u7c7b\u8c03\u503c\u90fd\u548c\u5e7f\u5dde\u8bdd\u76f8\u4f3c\uff1b\u86cb\u5bb6\u8bdd\u6ca1\u6709n\u3001t\u2019\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u58f0\u6bcd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53d7\u5e7f\u5dde\u8bddn\u3001l\u4e0d\u5206\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u53ea\u6709l\uff0c\u53d7\u6d77\u5357\u95fd\u8bed\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u9001\u6c14\u97f3t\u2018\uff1b\u97f5\u6bcd\u6ca1\u6709\u5e7f\u5dde\u8bdd\u7684\u0153\u3001\u00f8y\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f52\u5165\u7ca4\u8bed\u662f\u5408\u9002\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8086 \u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u6df7\u5408\u5730\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0a\u6587\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u6d77\u5357\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u9ece\u8bed\u3001\u82d7\u8bed\u3001\u6751\u8bdd\u3001\u56de\u8f89\u8bdd\u7b49\u3002\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u5206\u5e03\u5730\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6df7\u5408\u5730\u533a\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)\u767d\u6c99\u3001\u4fdd\u4ead\u3001\u4e50\u4e1c\u3001\u9675\u6c34\u3001\u743c\u4e2d\u4e94\u53bf\u548c\u4e94\u6307\u5c71\u5e02\uff0c\u4e3a\u9ece\u8bed\u3001\u82d7\u8bed\u548c\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u6df7\u5408\u533a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)\u660c\u6c5f\u53bf\u3001\u4e1c\u65b9\u5e02\uff0c\u4e3a\u9ece\u8bed\u3001\u82d7\u8bed\u3001\u6751\u8bdd\u548c\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u6df7\u5408\u533a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3)\u4e34\u9ad8\u53bf\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e34\u9ad8\u8bdd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u6df7\u5408\u533a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4)\u4e09\u4e9a\u5e02\uff0c\u4e3a\u9ece\u8bed\u3001\u82d7\u8bed\u3001\u56de\u8f89\u8bdd\u548c\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u6df7\u5408\u533a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u6c49\u65cf\u5171\u540c\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6c42\u5f97\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u9645\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u6613\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u6240\u5728\u5c0f\u7247\u7684\u6d77\u5357\u95fd\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\u660c\u6c5f\u53bf\u3001\u4e1c\u65b9\u5e02\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u63a5\u8fd1\u660c\u611f\u5c0f\u7247\u7684\u6d77\u5357\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e09\u4e9a\u3001\u4e50\u4e1c\u7684\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u5d16\u5dde\u5c0f\u7247\uff0c\u9675\u6c34\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e07\u5b81\u5c0f\u7247\uff0c\u4e34\u9ad8\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u5e9c\u57ce\u5c0f\u7247\uff1b\u800c\u767d\u6c99\u53bf\u3001\u4fdd\u4ead\u53bf\u3001\u743c\u4e2d\u53bf\u3001\u4e94\u6307\u5c71\u5e02\u56db\u4e2a\u53bf\u5e02\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u63a5\u8fd1\u5d16\u5dde\u5c0f\u7247\u7684\u6d77\u5357\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d77\u5357\u8bdd\u6709\u5438\u6c14\u97f3(\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u743c\u6587\u7247\u95fd\u8bed)\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u9001\u6c14\u585e\u97f3\u585e\u64e6\u97f3p\u2018\u3001t\u2019\u3001k\u2018\u3001ts\u2019(\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5e9c\u57ce\u5c0f\u7247\u3001\u6587\u660c\u5c0f\u7247\u3001\u4e07\u5b81\u5c0f\u7247)\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u57281988\u5e74\u6d77\u5357\u7701\u5efa\u7701\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u767d\u6c99\u3001\u4fdd\u4ead\u3001\u743c\u4e2d\u3001\u4e94\u6307\u5c71\u5e02(\u539f\u901a\u4ec0)\u56db\u53bf\u5e02\uff0c\u548c\u5d16\u53bf\u3001\u4e50\u4e1c\u53bf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u4e3a\u6d77\u5357\u9ece\u65cf\u82d7\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5dde\u6240\u8f96\uff0c\u800c\u548c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u6d77\u53e3\u3001\u743c\u5c71\u3001\u6587\u660c\u3001\u4e34\u9ad8\u3001\u510b\u53bf\u7b49\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u6d77\u5357\u884c\u653f\u516c\u7f72\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f0d \u957f\u6d41\u571f\u8bdd\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u8ba8\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u957f\u6d41\u571f\u8bdd\u662f\u6d77\u53e3\u5e02\u79c0\u82f1\u533a\u957f\u6d41\u9547\u7684\u571f\u8bdd\uff0c\u548c\u4e34\u8fd1\u7684\u8363\u5c71\u3001\u65b0\u6d77\u3001\u6d77\u79c0\u3001\u4e30\u5357\uff0c\u743c\u5c71\u533a\u7684\u77f3\u5c71\u3001\u7f8e\u5b89\u3001\u9075\u6f6d\u9f99\u6865\u3001\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u7b49\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u6f84\u8fc8\u53bf\u7684\u8001\u57ce\u7b49\u5730\u571f\u8bdd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u628a\u957f\u6d41\u571f\u8bdd(\u9648\u6ce2\u7b49\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u743c\u5c71\u571f\u8bed\u201d)\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4e34\u9ad8\u8bdd\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\u3002\u743c\u5c71\u5e02\u5730\u65b9\u5fd7\u7f16\u8f91\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u743c\u5c71\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b(\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401999)\u65b9\u8a00\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u9648\u6ce2\u6240\u5199\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u628a\u201c\u743c\u5c71\u571f\u8bed\u201d\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e34\u9ad8\u8bdd\uff0c\u201c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u743c\u5c71\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u9f99\u5858\u3001\u9f99\u6865\u3001\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u3001\u77f3\u5c71\u3001\u7f8e\u5b89\u7b49\u9547\uff0c\u6c38\u5174(\u9664\u7f57\u7ecf\u3001\u7f8e\u76ee\u3001\u7f8e\u7199\u3001\u9f99\u5b89\u3001\u677e\u6751\u3001\u7f8e\u5fb7\u6751)\u4ee5\u53ca\u9075\u6f6d\u9547\u7684\u5b89\u4e45\u3001\u5761\u4ed4\u3001\u738b\u73b0\u3001\u5112\u6d1e\u3001\u5112\u674f\u3001\u5112\u76c8\u3001\u5112\u8001\u6751\u7b49\u6751\uff0c\u4e91\u9f99\u9547\u7684\u6f6d\u8fde\u3001\u7f8e\u5728\u3001\u56fd\u7fa4\u3001\u672c\u826f\u7b49\u6751\uff0c\u5e9c\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u7ea2\u661f\u3001\u57ce\u5357\u3001\u5112\u9022\u3001\u90a3\u592e\u7ba1\u7406\u533a\u7b49\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u636e\u7b14\u8005\u521d\u6b65\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u957f\u6d41\u571f\u8bdd\u7684\u97f3\u7cfb\u662f\u548c\u6d77\u53e3\u8bdd\u5dee\u522b\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u3002\u5176\u97f3\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b(\u53d1\u97f3\u4eba\u9ea6\u5149\u71ca\uff0c1932\u5e74\u751f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u5e08)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3280\u58f0\u6bcd20\u4e2a(\u5305\u62ec\u96f6\u58f0\u6bcd)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3281\u97f5\u6bcd65\u4e2a(\u5b57\u4e0b\u52a0\u53cc\u6760\u8868\u793a\u4e66\u9762\u97f3\uff0c\u5b57\u4e0b\u52a0\u5355\u6760\u8868\u793a\u53e3\u8bed\u97f3)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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