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\u58f9 \u5f15\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8d30 [b g]\u58f0\u6bcd\u7684\u58f0\u5b66\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u53a6\u95e8\u8bdd\u4e2d\u666e\u901a\u9f3b\u97f3\u548c\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u7684\u97f3\u957f\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u89c1\u8868\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\u7684\u97f3\u957f\u53ea\u8ba1\u7b97\u5176\u5728\u9664\u963b\u524d\u7684\u95ed\u585e\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u8868\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u9f3b\u97f3\u548c\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u97f3\u957f\u533a\u522b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u867d\u7136[m]\u6bd4[\u1d50b]\u957f\u4e8635\u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53d7\u6837\u672c\u6570\u5c0f\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c1 [l]\u58f0\u6bcd\u7684\u58f0\u5b66\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u300a\u97f3\u6863\u300b\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u6750\u6599\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206[l]\u58f0\u6bcd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u9f3b\u51a0\u58f0\u6bcd[\u207fd]\u3002\u56fe\u4e03\u6240\u793a\u662f\u6b64\u58f0\u6bcd\u540e\u63a5\u53e3\u5143\u97f3\u5f00\u97f3\u8282\u97f5\u6bcd\u3001\u53e3\u5143\u97f3\u4e0e\u585e\u97f3\u7ec4\u5408\u97f5\u6bcd\u3001\u53e3\u5143\u97f3\u4e0e\u9f3b\u97f3\u7ec4\u5408\u97f5\u6bcd\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u58f0\u6ce2\u56fe\u548c\u5bbd\u5e26\u8bed\u56fe\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6d41\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd[l]\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u524d\u9762\u5e26\u6709\u9f3b\u97f3\u3001\u9664\u963b\u65f6\u6709\u53e3\u8154\u7206\u7834\u7684\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u7684[\u1d50b \u1d51g]\u5927\u4f53\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd[\u207fd]\u548c\u666e\u901a\u9f3b\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd[n]\u7684\u97f3\u957f\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u8868\u4e8c\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8086 \u8bd5\u8bba[\u1d50b \u207fd \u1d51g]\u58f0\u6bcd\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u53a6\u95e8\u8bdd\u7684\u9f3b\u51a0\u58f0\u6bcd[\u1d50b \u207fd \u1d51g]\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u53e4\u9f3b\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\uff0c\u5373\uff1a[\u1d50b \u207fd \u1d51g] < [*m *n *\u014b]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5171\u65f6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u524d\u6587\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u8fc7\uff0c\u53a6\u95e8\u8bdd\u7684\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u53e3\u5143\u97f3\u524d\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u9f3b\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u5219\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u9f3b\u5316\u5143\u97f3\u524d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u9f3b\u97f3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u62fc\u9f3b\u5316\u5143\u97f3\u3001\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u62fc\u53e3\u5143\u97f3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u540e\u9762\u7684\u53e3\u5143\u97f3\u4f7f\u524d\u9762\u7684\u9f3b\u97f3\u63d0\u524d\u8c03\u6574\u53d1\u97f3\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u9664\u963b\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u53e3\u8154\u7206\u7834\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5178\u578b\u7684\u9006\u540c\u5316(anticipatory assimilation)\u97f3\u53d8\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5143\u97f3\u7684[+\u53e3\u8154(oral)]\u7279\u5f81\u540c\u5316\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u7684\u9f3b\u97f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u4e86[+\u53e3\u8154]\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f46\u5e94\u8be5\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u53a6\u95e8\u8bdd\u9f3b\u97f3\u6f14\u53d8\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u540c\u5316(partial assimilation)\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u662f\u9f3b\u97f3\u7684\u9664\u963b\u5904\u88ab\u540c\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u53e3\u8154\u7206\u7834\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u6301\u963b\u9636\u6bb5\u5e76\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u5316\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u90e8\u5206\u540c\u5316\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u53ea\u540c\u5316\u9664\u963b\u5904\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e10\u6e10\u5730\u540c\u5316\u90e8\u5206\u6301\u963b\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u5316\u6574\u4e2a\u9f3b\u97f3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u9f3b\u97f3\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6d4a\u585e\u97f3\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u53ea\u540c\u5316\u9664\u963b\u5904\u770b\u4f5c\u6574\u4e2a\u540c\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u628a\u540c\u5316\u9664\u963b\u5904\u53ca\u524d\u9762\u90e8\u5206\u6301\u963b\u90e8\u5206\u770b\u4f5c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u628a\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u5316\u770b\u4f5c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u53a6\u95e8\u65b9\u8a00\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u6b63\u5728\u671d\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u5462\uff1f\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53a6\u95e8\u65b9\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u6d4a\u585e\u97f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e3a\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c31\u7b97\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u5b8c\u5168\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6d4a\u585e\u97f3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u97f3\u4f4d\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u770b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u95fd\u5357\u8bdd\u6b63\u5728\u5f80\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u3002\u5728\u95fd\u5357\u8bdd\u5730\u533a\u505a\u8fc7\u7530\u91ce\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5927\u591a\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f53\u4f1a\uff1a\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u97f3\u4eba\u8bfb\u5f97\u968f\u4fbf\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u9f3b\u97f3\u8272\u5f69\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u542c\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u518d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u8bfb\u5f97\u4ed4\u7ec6\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u9f3b\u97f3\u8272\u5f69\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u53c8\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u4e86\uff1b\u5f53\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5355\u5b57\u6216\u8005\u591a\u97f3\u8282\u8bcd\u7684\u524d\u5b57\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u9f3b\u97f3\u8272\u5f69\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5f53\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u97f3\u8282\u8bcd\u7684\u97f3\u8282\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u9f3b\u97f3\u8272\u5f69\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u97f3\u4eba\u7684\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\u58f0\u6bcd\u7684\u9f3b\u97f3\u8272\u5f69\u660e\u663e\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u97f3\u4eba\u7684\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5e74\u7eaa\u5927\u7684\u660e\u663e\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5e74\u7eaa\u8f7b\u7684\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u660e\u663e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u7528\u7684\u662f\u300a\u97f3\u6863\u300b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9f3b\u97f3\u88ab\u5176\u540e\u63a5\u7684\u53e3\u5143\u97f3\u540c\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u53a6\u95e8\u8bdd\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5411\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u540e\u585e\u9f3b\u97f3\u201d(post-stopped nasals)\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u201c\u540e\u585e\u9f3b\u97f3\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u8d75\u5143\u4efb\u5148\u751f\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5206\u522b\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u7ca4\u8bed\u4e2d\u5c71\u65b9\u8a00\u548c\u53f0\u5c71\u65b9\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u9f3b\u97f3\u5e26\u6709\u53e3\u8154\u9664\u963b\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u540e\u585e\u9f3b\u97f3\u201d(\u8d75\u5143\u4efb1948\uff0c1951)\u3002Chan(1987)\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u68c0\u89c6\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u6c49\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5c71\u548c\u5f00\u5e73\u7ca4\u8bed\u7684\u540e\u585e\u9f3b\u97f3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u97f3\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u540e\u585e\u9f3b\u97f3\u5728\u58f0\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u4e0a\u548c\u9f3b\u51a0\u97f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cMaddieson & Ladefoged(1993)\u548cLadefoged & Maddieson(1996)\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u5206\u4fdd\u6301\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u505a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u60f3\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u540e\u585e\u9f3b\u97f3\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u9f3b\u97f3\u585e\u5316\u3001\u6216\u79f0\u201c\u53bb\u9f3b\u97f3\u5316\u201d(denasalization)\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u521d\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u9f3b\u97f3\u585e\u5316\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ec5\u5728\u9664\u963b\u5904\u5177\u6709\u53e3\u8154\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6301\u963b\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u4fdd\u7559\u9f3b\u97f3\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u53a6\u95e8\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982[n\u014b\u030d]\u201c\u4e24\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u9f3b\u97f3\u5f00\u9996\u7684\u97f3\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u58f0\u6bcd\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u97f5\u6bcd\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u820c\u6839\u9f3b\u97f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u589e\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u592e\u5143\u97f3\u3002\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u53a6\u95e8\u8bdd\u91cc\uff0c\u53e3\u5143\u97f3\u4f1a\u4f7f\u524d\u9762\u7684\u9f3b\u97f3\u585e\u5316\uff0c\u58f0\u6bcd[n]\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u8154\u9664\u963b\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u97f3\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u540e\u585e\u9f3b\u97f3\u201d\uff0c\u6309\u8d75\u5143\u4efb\u7684\u8bb0\u97f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u4e3a[n\u1d48]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53a6\u95e8\u8bdd\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u4e3a[n\u1d48\u1d4a\u014b]\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe\u5341\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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